महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-110, verse-10

द्वितीये दिवसे यस्तु प्राश्नीयादेकभोजनम् ।
सदा द्वादशमासांस्तु जुह्वानो जातवेदसम् ।
यज्ञं बहुसुवर्णं वा वासवप्रियमाहरेत् ॥१०॥

10. dvitīye divase yastu prāśnīyādekabhojanam ,
sadā dvādaśamāsāṁstu juhvāno jātavedasam ,
yajñaṁ bahusuvarṇaṁ vā vāsavapriyamāharet.

10. dvitīye divase yaḥ tu prāśnīyāt
eka-bhojanam sadā dvādaśa-māsān tu
juhvānaḥ jāta-vedasam yajñam
bahu-suvarṇam vā vāsava-priyam āharet

10. yaḥ tu dvitīye divase sadā
dvādaśa-māsān eka-bhojanam prāśnīyāt
juhvānaḥ jāta-vedasam bahu-suvarṇam
vā vāsava-priyam yajñam āharet

10. Whoever, for twelve months, continuously eats only one meal on every second day, and always makes offerings to Agni, should perform a (Vedic ritual) (yajña) rich in gold or one beloved by Indra.

Words meanings summery:

• द्वितीये (dvitīye) - on the second (day) (second)

• दिवसे (divase) - on the day, every second day (day)

• यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, which (relative pronoun))

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed, however

• प्राश्नीयात् (prāśnīyāt) - should eat (should eat, should consume)

• एक-भोजनम् (eka-bhojanam) - one meal (a day) (single meal, one meal)

• सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever, constantly)

• द्वादश-मासान् (dvādaśa-māsān) - for twelve months (twelve months)

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed, however

• जुह्वानः (juhvānaḥ) - making offerings (offering, sacrificing)

• जात-वेदसम् (jāta-vedasam) - to Agni (having knowledge of all created beings, knower of all born, a name for Agni)

• यज्ञम् (yajñam) - a (Vedic ritual) (a (Vedic ritual), sacrifice, worship)

• बहु-सुवर्णम् (bahu-suvarṇam) - rich in gold (rich in gold, containing much gold)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• वासव-प्रियम् (vāsava-priyam) - beloved by Indra (dear to Indra, beloved by Indra)

• आहरेत् (āharet) - should perform (should perform, should bring, should offer)

Words meanings and morphology

द्वितीये (dvitīye) - on the second (day) (second)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of dvitīya

dvitīya - second, secondary

From dvi (two).

Note: Qualifies divase.

दिवसे (divase) - on the day, every second day (day)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of divasa

divasa - day

Root: div (class 4)

यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, which (relative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

प्राश्नीयात् (prāśnīyāt) - should eat (should eat, should consume)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of pra-aś

optative mood, 3rd person singular

Root aś (9th class, aśnāti) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: aś (class 9)

एक-भोजनम् (eka-bhojanam) - one meal (a day) (single meal, one meal)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of eka-bhojana

eka-bhojana - a single meal, eating only once

Compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (eka+bhojana)

• eka – one, single, unique
  numeral (adjective)
• bhojana – eating, food, meal
  noun (neuter)
  From root bhuj (to eat) + ana suffix.
  Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Object of the verb prāśnīyāt.

सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever, constantly)

(indeclinable)

द्वादश-मासान् (dvādaśa-māsān) - for twelve months (twelve months)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dvādaśa-māsa

dvādaśa-māsa - twelve months

Compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dvādaśa+māsa)

• dvādaśa – twelve
  numeral (adjective)
• māsa – month
  noun (masculine)

Note: Accusative indicating duration.

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for emphasis.

जुह्वानः (juhvānaḥ) - making offerings (offering, sacrificing)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of juhvat

juhvat - offering, sacrificing, one who offers/sacrifices

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada equivalent śānac ending)

From root hu (to offer, to sacrifice), class 3, reduplicated. The form juhvānaḥ is from juhvāna stem.

Root: hu (class 3)

जात-वेदसम् (jāta-vedasam) - to Agni (having knowledge of all created beings, knower of all born, a name for Agni)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jāta-vedas

jāta-vedas - knower of all born, having knowledge of all creatures, a name for Agni (the fire god)

Compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jāta+vedas)

• jāta – born, produced, created
  adjective (past passive participle) (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root jan (to be born) + kta suffix.
  Root: jan (class 4)
• vedas – knowledge, wisdom, wealth
  noun (neuter)
  From root vid (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Object of juhvānaḥ.

यज्ञम् (yajñam) - a (Vedic ritual) (a (Vedic ritual), sacrifice, worship)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yajña

yajña - (Vedic ritual), sacrifice, worship, offering

From root yaj (to worship, to sacrifice).

Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Object of āharet.

बहु-सुवर्णम् (bahu-suvarṇam) - rich in gold (rich in gold, containing much gold)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bahu-suvarṇa

bahu-suvarṇa - having much gold, rich in gold

Compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bahu+suvarṇa)

• bahu – much, many, abundant
  adjective
• suvarṇa – gold, good color
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with yajñam.

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

वासव-प्रियम् (vāsava-priyam) - beloved by Indra (dear to Indra, beloved by Indra)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vāsava-priya

vāsava-priya - dear to Indra (Vāsava), beloved by Indra

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāsava+priya)

• vāsava – Indra, descendant of Vasu
  proper noun (masculine)
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Agrees with yajñam.

आहरेत् (āharet) - should perform (should perform, should bring, should offer)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of ā-hṛ

optative mood, 3rd person singular

Root hṛ (1st class) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)