महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-107, verse-98

परापवादं न ब्रूयान्नाप्रियं च कदाचन ।
न मन्युः कश्चिदुत्पाद्यः पुरुषेण भवार्थिना ॥९८॥

98. parāpavādaṁ na brūyānnāpriyaṁ ca kadācana ,
na manyuḥ kaścidutpādyaḥ puruṣeṇa bhavārthinā.

98. parāpavādam na brūyāt na apriyam ca kadācana
na manyuḥ kaścit utpādyaḥ puruṣeṇa bhavārthinā

98. puruṣeṇa bhavārthinā parāpavādam na brūyāt na
ca apriyam kadācana na kaścit manyuḥ utpādyaḥ

98. One should never speak slander of others or anything unpleasant. A person desiring prosperity should not generate any anger (manyu).

Words meanings summery:

• परापवादम् (parāpavādam) - slander of others, criticism of others

• न (na) - not, no

• ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - one should speak

• न (na) - not, no

• अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant, disagreeable

• च (ca) - and

• कदाचन (kadācana) - ever, at any time

• न (na) - not, no

• मन्युः (manyuḥ) - anger, wrath, passion

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - any, someone

• उत्पाद्यः (utpādyaḥ) - to be produced, to be caused

• पुरुषेण (puruṣeṇa) - by a person, by a human being

• भवार्थिना (bhavārthinā) - by one desiring prosperity/welfare

Words meanings and morphology

परापवादम् (parāpavādam) - slander of others, criticism of others

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parāpavāda

parāpavāda - slander of others, speaking ill of others

Compound type : tatpurusha (para+apavāda)

• para – other, another
  pronoun (masculine)
• apavāda – censure, blame, slander
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: apa
  Root: vad (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - one should speak

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of brū

Optative mood, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

Root: brū (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant, disagreeable

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+priya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasant
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Functions as a noun here, 'an unpleasant thing'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

कदाचन (kadācana) - ever, at any time

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

मन्युः (manyuḥ) - anger, wrath, passion

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of manyu

manyu - anger, wrath, passion, indignation

Root: man (class 4)

कश्चित् (kaścit) - any, someone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - someone, something, any, a certain

Note: Can function as an adjective here, 'any anger'.

उत्पाद्यः (utpādyaḥ) - to be produced, to be caused

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of utpādya

utpādya - to be produced, to be generated, to be caused

gerundive (kṛtya)

Formed from root pad with prefix ut and suffix -ya

Prefix: ut

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'manyuḥ'.

पुरुषेण (puruṣeṇa) - by a person, by a human being

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, human being, spirit, the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)

भवार्थिना (bhavārthinā) - by one desiring prosperity/welfare

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhavārthin

bhavārthin - desiring well-being, desiring prosperity, seeking existence

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhava+arthin)

• bhava – being, existence, welfare, prosperity
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• arthin – desiring, seeking, supplicant
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: arth (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'puruṣeṇa'.