महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-107, verse-142

पत्नीं रजस्वलां चैव नाभिगच्छेन्न चाह्वयेत् ।
स्नातां चतुर्थे दिवसे रात्रौ गच्छेद्विचक्षणः ॥१४२॥

142. patnīṁ rajasvalāṁ caiva nābhigacchenna cāhvayet ,
snātāṁ caturthe divase rātrau gacchedvicakṣaṇaḥ.

142. patnīm rajasvalām ca eva na abhigacchet na ca āhvayet
snātām caturthe divase rātrau gacchet vicakṣaṇaḥ

142. patnīm rajasvalām ca eva na abhigacchet na ca āhvayet
vicakṣaṇaḥ snātām caturthe divase rātrau gacchet

142. One should not approach or call a wife during her menstruation. A discerning man should approach her at night on the fourth day after she has bathed.

Words meanings summery:

• पत्नीम् (patnīm) - wife, spouse

• रजस्वलाम् (rajasvalām) - menstruating, in menses

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

• न (na) - not, no

• अभिगच्छेत् (abhigacchet) - should approach, should go to, should have intercourse with

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• आह्वयेत् (āhvayet) - should call, should summon

• स्नाताम् (snātām) - after she has bathed (one who has bathed, bathed)

• चतुर्थे (caturthe) - on the fourth

• दिवसे (divase) - on the day, during the day

• रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night, in the night

• गच्छेत् (gacchet) - should approach, should go

• विचक्षणः (vicakṣaṇaḥ) - a discerning person, wise man, expert

Words meanings and morphology

पत्नीम् (patnīm) - wife, spouse

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of patnī

patnī - wife, mistress, female owner

Note: Object of abhigacchet and āhvayet.

रजस्वलाम् (rajasvalām) - menstruating, in menses

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rajasvalā

rajasvalā - a menstruating woman, having menses

Derived from rajas (menses) + vala (having)

Note: Adjective modifying patnīm.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अभिगच्छेत् (abhigacchet) - should approach, should go to, should have intercourse with

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of gam

Optative, Parasmaipada, 3rd Person Singular

From root gam (to go) + prefix abhi (towards)

Prefix: abhi

Root: gam (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

आह्वयेत् (āhvayet) - should call, should summon

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of hve

Optative, Parasmaipada, 3rd Person Singular

From root hve (to call) + prefix ā (towards)

Prefix: ā

Root: hve (class 1)

स्नाताम् (snātām) - after she has bathed (one who has bathed, bathed)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of snāta

snāta - bathed, purified by bathing

Past Passive Participle

From root snā (to bathe)

Root: snā (class 2)

Note: Refers to the wife after bathing.

चतुर्थे (caturthe) - on the fourth

(adjective)

Locative, masculine/neuter, singular of caturtha

caturtha - fourth (ordinal number)

Note: Adjective modifying divase.

दिवसे (divase) - on the day, during the day

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of divasa

divasa - day

Note: Temporal locative.

रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night, in the night

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

Note: Temporal locative.

गच्छेत् (gacchet) - should approach, should go

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of gam

Optative, Parasmaipada, 3rd Person Singular

From root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

विचक्षणः (vicakṣaṇaḥ) - a discerning person, wise man, expert

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vicakṣaṇa

vicakṣaṇa - discerning, wise, clever, expert

Derived from vi + root cakṣ (to see, perceive)

Prefix: vi

Root: cakṣ (class 2)