महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-107, verse-78

विपर्ययं न कुर्वीत वाससो बुद्धिमान्नरः ।
तथा नान्यधृतं धार्यं न चापदशमेव च ॥७८॥

78. viparyayaṁ na kurvīta vāsaso buddhimānnaraḥ ,
tathā nānyadhṛtaṁ dhāryaṁ na cāpadaśameva ca.

78. viparyayam na kurvīta vāsasaḥ buddhimān naraḥ
tathā na anyadhṛtam dhāryaṃ na ca āpadaśam eva ca

78. buddhimān naraḥ vāsasaḥ viparyayam na kurvīta.
tathā anyadhṛtam na dhāryaṃ,
ca āpadaśam eva ca na.

78. A wise person should not wear garments improperly (e.g., inside out or back to front). Similarly, a garment worn by another should not be worn, nor should an incomplete or damaged one.

Words meanings summery:

• विपर्ययम् (viparyayam) - improper wearing (e.g., inside out) (reversal, inversion, opposite state, error)

• न (na) - not, no

• कुर्वीत (kurvīta) - should not wear (one should do, he should make, he should perform)

• वाससः (vāsasaḥ) - regarding garments (of clothes, of garments)

• बुद्धिमान् (buddhimān) - intelligent, wise, discerning

• नरः (naraḥ) - man, person, human being

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly

• न (na) - not, no

• अन्यधृतम् (anyadhṛtam) - worn by another, used by another

• धार्यं (dhāryaṁ) - should be worn (to be worn, to be held)

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - nor (and, also)

• आपदशम् (āpadaśam) - an incomplete or damaged garment (a garment without a fringe/border; an incomplete or damaged garment)

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, precisely

• च (ca) - and, also

Words meanings and morphology

विपर्ययम् (viparyayam) - improper wearing (e.g., inside out) (reversal, inversion, opposite state, error)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viparyaya

viparyaya - reversal, inversion, opposite state, contrary, error, mistake

Derived from vi-pari-ī (to go over, invert).

Prefixes: vi+pari

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Object of 'kurvīta'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

कुर्वीत (kurvīta) - should not wear (one should do, he should make, he should perform)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of kṛ

Optative middle

Root √kṛ, Class 8 (Tanādi).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject is 'naraḥ'.

वाससः (vāsasaḥ) - regarding garments (of clothes, of garments)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of vāsas

vāsas - garment, clothing, dress

बुद्धिमान् (buddhimān) - intelligent, wise, discerning

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of buddhimat

buddhimat - intelligent, wise, discerning, clever

Possessive adjective (matup suffix) from buddhi (intellect).

नरः (naraḥ) - man, person, human being

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, human being, leader

Root: nṛ

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अन्यधृतम् (anyadhṛtam) - worn by another, used by another

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anyadhṛta

anyadhṛta - worn by another, held by another

Past Passive Participle

Compound of anya (another) and dhṛta (worn, PPP of √dhṛ).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (anya+dhṛta)

• anya – other, another, different
  pronoun (neuter)
• dhṛta – held, borne, worn, supported
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of root √dhṛ (to hold, wear).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

धार्यं (dhāryaṁ) - should be worn (to be worn, to be held)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dhārya

dhārya - to be held, to be carried, to be supported, to be worn, to be maintained

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

Formed from root √dhṛ (to hold, bear, wear) with suffix -ya.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - nor (and, also)

(indeclinable)

आपदशम् (āpadaśam) - an incomplete or damaged garment (a garment without a fringe/border; an incomplete or damaged garment)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āpadaśa

āpadaśa - a garment without a fringe or border; incomplete, defective, damaged

Negative compound (A-bahuvrīhi or A-tatpuruṣa) related to padaśa (fringe/border).

Compound type : nañ-bahuvrīhi (a+padaśa)

• a – not, un-, in- (negative prefix)
  prefix
• padaśa – fringe, border, edge (of a garment); foot (of a verse)
  noun (neuter)
  From pada (foot, step, part).

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, precisely

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)