महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-107, verse-57

वाक्सायका वदनान्निष्पतन्ति यैराहतः शोचति रात्र्यहानि ।
परस्य नामर्मसु ते पतन्ति तान्पण्डितो नावसृजेत्परेषु ॥५७॥

57. vāksāyakā vadanānniṣpatanti; yairāhataḥ śocati rātryahāni ,
parasya nāmarmasu te patanti; tānpaṇḍito nāvasṛjetpareṣu.

57. vāksāyakāḥ vadanāt niṣpatanti
yaiḥ āhataḥ śocati rātrī ahāni
parasya na amarmasu te patanti
tān paṇḍitaḥ na avasṛjet pareṣu

57. vāksāyakāḥ vadanāt niṣpatanti yaiḥ āhataḥ rātrī ahāni śocati.
te parasya na amarmasu patanti.
paṇḍitaḥ tān pareṣu na avasṛjet.

57. Word-arrows shoot forth from the mouth; those struck by them grieve day and night. Such arrows penetrate the vital points of another. Therefore, a wise person should not unleash them upon others.

Words meanings summery:

• वाक्सायकाः (vāksāyakāḥ) - arrows in the form of harsh words (word-arrows, speech-arrows)

• वदनात् (vadanāt) - from the mouth (when speaking) (from the mouth, from the face)

• निष्पतन्ति (niṣpatanti) - they shoot forth (they fall out, they issue forth, they shoot forth)

• यैः (yaiḥ) - by which (arrows) (by whom, by which)

• आहतः (āhataḥ) - one who is struck/wounded (struck, wounded, hit)

• शोचति (śocati) - he grieves (he grieves, he sorrows, he laments)

• रात्री (rātrī) - during the night (night)

• अहानि (ahāni) - day (as in day and night) (days)

• परस्य (parasya) - of another (person) (of another, of an enemy, of the supreme)

• न (na) - not (not, nor)

• अमर्मसु (amarmasu) - in non-vital parts (so 'not in non-vital parts' means 'in vital parts') (in non-vital parts, in non-vulnerable spots)

• ते (te) - they (the word-arrows) (they, those)

• पतन्ति (patanti) - they fall (into) (they fall, they fly, they alight)

• तान् (tān) - those (arrows) (them, those)

• पण्डितः (paṇḍitaḥ) - a wise person (learned person, scholar, wise person)

• न (na) - not (not, nor)

• अवसृजेत् (avasṛjet) - should unleash/release (should release, should discharge, should let go)

• परेषु (pareṣu) - against others (against others, among others, in others)

Words meanings and morphology

वाक्सायकाः (vāksāyakāḥ) - arrows in the form of harsh words (word-arrows, speech-arrows)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vāksāyaka

vāksāyaka - speech-arrow, word-arrow

Compound type : karmadhāraya (vāc+sāyaka)

• vāc – speech, voice, word
  noun (feminine)
• sāyaka – arrow, missile
  noun (masculine)
  From √si (to bind) + -aka
  Root: si (class 4)

वदनात् (vadanāt) - from the mouth (when speaking) (from the mouth, from the face)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of vadana

vadana - mouth, face, discourse

From √vad (to speak) + -ana

Root: vad (class 1)

निष्पतन्ति (niṣpatanti) - they shoot forth (they fall out, they issue forth, they shoot forth)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of niṣpat

Prefix: nis

Root: pat (class 1)

यैः (yaiḥ) - by which (arrows) (by whom, by which)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Refers to vāksāyakāḥ.

आहतः (āhataḥ) - one who is struck/wounded (struck, wounded, hit)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āhata

āhata - struck, hit, wounded

Past Passive Participle

From √han (to strike, kill) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: han (class 2)

शोचति (śocati) - he grieves (he grieves, he sorrows, he laments)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of śoc

Root: śuc (class 1)

रात्री (rātrī) - during the night (night)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

Note: Here, rātrī ahāni is a juxtaposition implying 'day and night'.

अहानि (ahāni) - day (as in day and night) (days)

(noun)

neuter, plural of ahan

ahan - day

Note: See rātrī notes.

परस्य (parasya) - of another (person) (of another, of an enemy, of the supreme)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of para

para - other, another, supreme, highest

न (na) - not (not, nor)

(indeclinable)

अमर्मसु (amarmasu) - in non-vital parts (so 'not in non-vital parts' means 'in vital parts') (in non-vital parts, in non-vulnerable spots)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of amarma

amarma - non-vital part, non-vulnerable point

Negative compound of marma.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+marma)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• marma – vital part, vulnerable spot
  noun (neuter)

Note: The double negative (na amarmasu) creates a positive meaning: 'into the vital parts.'

ते (te) - they (the word-arrows) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it, they

Note: Refers to vāksāyakāḥ.

पतन्ति (patanti) - they fall (into) (they fall, they fly, they alight)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of pat

Root: pat (class 1)

तान् (tān) - those (arrows) (them, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it, they

Note: Refers to vāksāyakāḥ.

पण्डितः (paṇḍitaḥ) - a wise person (learned person, scholar, wise person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paṇḍita

paṇḍita - learned, wise, scholar, master

From paṇḍ (to collect, heap up knowledge)

Root: paṇḍ (class 1)

न (na) - not (not, nor)

(indeclinable)

अवसृजेत् (avasṛjet) - should unleash/release (should release, should discharge, should let go)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of avasṛj

Prefix: ava

Root: sṛj (class 6)

परेषु (pareṣu) - against others (against others, among others, in others)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, another, enemy, supreme