महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-107, verse-15

लोष्टमर्दी तृणच्छेदी नखखादी च यो नरः ।
नित्योच्छिष्टः संकुसुको नेहायुर्विन्दते महत् ॥१५॥

15. loṣṭamardī tṛṇacchedī nakhakhādī ca yo naraḥ ,
nityocchiṣṭaḥ saṁkusuko nehāyurvindate mahat.

15. loṣṭamardī tṛṇacchedī nakhakhādī ca yaḥ naraḥ nitya
ucchiṣṭaḥ saṃkusukaḥ na iha āyuḥ vindate mahat

15. yaḥ naraḥ loṣṭamardī tṛṇacchedī nakhakhādī ca nitya ucchiṣṭaḥ saṃkusukaḥ,
(saḥ) iha mahat āyuḥ na vindate

15. That person who crushes clods of earth, tears at grass, and bites their nails, who is always unclean and prone to complaining, does not attain a great lifespan in this world.

Words meanings summery:

• लोष्टमर्दी (loṣṭamardī) - one who crushes clods of earth

• तृणच्छेदी (tṛṇacchedī) - one who tears/cuts grass

• नखखादी (nakhakhādī) - one who bites nails

• च (ca) - and

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• नरः (naraḥ) - man, person

• नित्य (nitya) - always, constantly, eternal

• उच्छिष्टः (ucchiṣṭaḥ) - impure, defiled, left over (food)

• संकुसुकः (saṁkusukaḥ) - grumbler, fault-finder, discontented person

• न (na) - not, no

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• आयुः (āyuḥ) - life, lifespan

• विन्दते (vindate) - obtains, finds, gets

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, extensive

Words meanings and morphology

लोष्टमर्दी (loṣṭamardī) - one who crushes clods of earth

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of loṣṭamardin

loṣṭamardin - one who crushes clods of earth

From loṣṭa (clod of earth) + mardin (crushing)

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (loṣṭa+mardin)

• loṣṭa – clod of earth, lump
  noun (neuter)
• mardin – crushing, trampling
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective
  From root mṛd (to crush) + -in suffix
  Root: mṛd (class 9)

तृणच्छेदी (tṛṇacchedī) - one who tears/cuts grass

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tṛṇacchedin

tṛṇacchedin - one who tears/cuts grass

From tṛṇa (grass) + chedin (cutting)

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (tṛṇa+chedin)

• tṛṇa – grass, straw
  noun (neuter)
• chedin – cutting, tearing
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective
  From root chid (to cut) + -in suffix
  Root: chid (class 7)

नखखादी (nakhakhādī) - one who bites nails

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nakhakhādin

nakhakhādin - one who bites nails

From nakha (nail) + khādin (eating/biting)

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (nakha+khādin)

• nakha – nail, claw
  noun (masculine)
• khādin – eating, biting
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective
  From root khād (to eat, devour) + -in suffix
  Root: khād (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

नरः (naraḥ) - man, person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, human being, person

नित्य (nitya) - always, constantly, eternal

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions adverbially here to modify 'ucchiṣṭaḥ'.

उच्छिष्टः (ucchiṣṭaḥ) - impure, defiled, left over (food)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ucchiṣṭa

ucchiṣṭa - impure, defiled (especially by saliva or leavings of food), left over

Past Passive Participle

From root śiṣ (to leave remaining) with prefix ud-

Prefix: ud

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

संकुसुकः (saṁkusukaḥ) - grumbler, fault-finder, discontented person

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃkusuka

saṁkusuka - grumbler, fault-finder, discontented, peevish

From prefix sam- + root kus (to grumble, complain) + -uka suffix

Prefix: sam

Root: kus

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to 'in this life' or 'in this world'.

आयुः (āyuḥ) - life, lifespan

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of āyus

āyus - life, vital power, lifespan

Note: Object of 'vindate'.

विन्दते (vindate) - obtains, finds, gets

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of vid

Root: vid (class 6)

Note: Root 'vid' (to find/obtain), 6th class.

महत् (mahat) - great, large, extensive

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, extensive, important

Note: Adjective modifying 'āyuḥ'.