महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-107, verse-2

आयुष्मान्केन भवति स्वल्पायुर्वापि मानवः ।
केन वा लभते कीर्तिं केन वा लभते श्रियम् ॥२॥

2. āyuṣmānkena bhavati svalpāyurvāpi mānavaḥ ,
kena vā labhate kīrtiṁ kena vā labhate śriyam.

2. āyuṣmān kena bhavati svalpāyuḥ vā api mānavaḥ
kena vā labhate kīrtim kena vā labhate śriyam

2. mānavaḥ kena āyuṣmān bhavati ? vā api kena svalpāyuḥ
(bhavati) ? kena vā kīrtim labhate ? kena vā śriyam labhate ?

2. By what means does a human become long-lived, or conversely, short-lived? By what does one achieve renown, and by what does one attain prosperity?

Words meanings summery:

• आयुष्मान् (āyuṣmān) - long-lived, possessing life

• केन (kena) - by what, by whom, by what means

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is, exists

• स्वल्पायुः (svalpāyuḥ) - short-lived, having a short life

• वा (vā) - or, either

• अपि (api) - even, also

• मानवः (mānavaḥ) - human being, man

• लभते (labhate) - obtains, receives, gains

• कीर्तिम् (kīrtim) - fame, renown, glory

• श्रियम् (śriyam) - prosperity, wealth, glory, beauty

Words meanings and morphology

आयुष्मान् (āyuṣmān) - long-lived, possessing life

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āyuṣmat

āyuṣmat - long-lived, possessing life, vigorous, healthy

possessive suffix -mat

केन (kena) - by what, by whom, by what means

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of bhū

present active

third person singular

Root: bhū (class 1)

स्वल्पायुः (svalpāyuḥ) - short-lived, having a short life

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svalpāyu

svalpāyu - having a small or short life

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (svalpa+āyu)

• svalpa – very little, small, short
  adjective
• āyu – life, lifespan, vital power
  noun (neuter)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

मानवः (mānavaḥ) - human being, man

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mānava

mānava - human, human being, man, descendant of Manu

लभते (labhate) - obtains, receives, gains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of labh

present middle

third person singular

Root: labh (class 1)

कीर्तिम् (kīrtim) - fame, renown, glory

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kīrti

kīrti - fame, renown, glory, reputation

श्रियम् (śriyam) - prosperity, wealth, glory, beauty

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śrī

śrī - prosperity, wealth, well-being, glory, beauty, goddess Lakṣmī