महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-107, verse-34

न चासीतासने भिन्ने भिन्नं कांस्यं च वर्जयेत् ।
नैकवस्त्रेण भोक्तव्यं न नग्नः स्नातुमर्हति ।
स्वप्तव्यं नैव नग्नेन न चोच्छिष्टोऽपि संविशेत् ॥३४॥

34. na cāsītāsane bhinne bhinnaṁ kāṁsyaṁ ca varjayet ,
naikavastreṇa bhoktavyaṁ na nagnaḥ snātumarhati ,
svaptavyaṁ naiva nagnena na cocchiṣṭo'pi saṁviśet.

34. na ca āsīta āsane bhinne bhinnam kāṃsyam
ca varjayet na ekavastreṇa bhoktavyam
na nagnaḥ snātum arhati suptavyam na
eva nagnena na ca ucchiṣṭaḥ api saṃviśet

34. āsane bhinne na ca āsīta bhinnam kāṃsyam
ca varjayet ekavastreṇa na bhoktavyam
nagnaḥ na snātum arhati nagnena na eva
suptavyam ucchiṣṭaḥ api na ca saṃviśet

34. One should not sit on a broken seat and should avoid a broken metal vessel. One should not eat wearing a single garment, nor should one bathe naked. One should certainly not sleep naked, and one should not lie down while impure from eating.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• च (ca) - and, also

• आसीत (āsīta) - one should sit

• आसने (āsane) - on a seat, in a sitting posture

• भिन्ने (bhinne) - broken, split, separated

• भिन्नम् (bhinnam) - broken, split, separated

• कांस्यम् (kāṁsyam) - a metal vessel, bell-metal

• च (ca) - and, also

• वर्जयेत् (varjayet) - one should avoid, reject, exclude

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• एकवस्त्रेण (ekavastreṇa) - with a single garment, wearing one cloth

• भोक्तव्यम् (bhoktavyam) - to be eaten, should be eaten, one should eat (impersonally)

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• नग्नः (nagnaḥ) - naked

• स्नातुम् (snātum) - to bathe, for bathing

• अर्हति (arhati) - is able, deserves, ought, should

• सुप्तव्यम् (suptavyam) - to be slept, one should sleep (impersonally)

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, even

• नग्नेन (nagnena) - by a naked person, by one naked

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• च (ca) - and, also

• उच्छिष्टः (ucchiṣṭaḥ) - impure from eating, remaining food, leftover

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• संविशेत् (saṁviśet) - one should lie down, enter, sleep

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

आसीत (āsīta) - one should sit

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of ās

Root √ās (to sit)

Root: ās (class 2)

आसने (āsane) - on a seat, in a sitting posture

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of āsana

āsana - seat, sitting, posture, an act of sitting

From root √ās (to sit)

Root: ās (class 2)

भिन्ने (bhinne) - broken, split, separated

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of bhinna

bhinna - broken, split, divided, different

Past Passive Participle

From root √bhid (to break, split)

Root: bhid (class 7)

भिन्नम् (bhinnam) - broken, split, separated

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhinna

bhinna - broken, split, divided, different

Past Passive Participle

From root √bhid (to break, split)

Root: bhid (class 7)

कांस्यम् (kāṁsyam) - a metal vessel, bell-metal

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kāṃsya

kāṁsya - bell-metal, a vessel made of bell-metal

Derived from kāṃsa (bell-metal)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

वर्जयेत् (varjayet) - one should avoid, reject, exclude

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of varjay

Causative stem

Causative stem of root √vṛj (to avoid)

Root: vṛj (class 1)

Note: Causative verb form.

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

एकवस्त्रेण (ekavastreṇa) - with a single garment, wearing one cloth

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ekavastra

ekavastra - a single garment

Karmadhāraya compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (eka+vastra)

• eka – one, single
  numeral/adjective (masculine)
• vastra – garment, cloth
  noun (neuter)

भोक्तव्यम् (bhoktavyam) - to be eaten, should be eaten, one should eat (impersonally)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhoktavya

bhoktavya - to be eaten, to be enjoyed, fit for eating

Gerundive

Gerundive (tavya suffix) from root √bhuj (to eat, enjoy)

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Used as an impersonal verbal adjective.

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

नग्नः (nagnaḥ) - naked

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nagna

nagna - naked, nude, bare

Note: Refers to the subject.

स्नातुम् (snātum) - to bathe, for bathing

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of snā

Infinitive

Infinitive (tumun suffix) from root √snā

Root: snā (class 2)

अर्हति (arhati) - is able, deserves, ought, should

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Root √arh

Root: arh (class 1)

सुप्तव्यम् (suptavyam) - to be slept, one should sleep (impersonally)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of suptavya

suptavya - to be slept, fit for sleeping

Gerundive

Gerundive (tavya suffix) from root √svap (to sleep)

Root: svap (class 1)

Note: Used as an impersonal verbal adjective.

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, even

(indeclinable)

नग्नेन (nagnena) - by a naked person, by one naked

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nagna

nagna - naked, nude, bare

Note: Agent for the passive 'suptavyam'.

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

उच्छिष्टः (ucchiṣṭaḥ) - impure from eating, remaining food, leftover

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ucchiṣṭa

ucchiṣṭa - left over (after eating), impure (from eating), remnant

Past Passive Participle

From root √śiṣ (to leave) with prefix ud

Prefix: ud

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Refers to the subject.

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

संविशेत् (saṁviśet) - one should lie down, enter, sleep

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of saṃviś

Root √viś (to enter) with prefix sam

Prefix: sam

Root: viś (class 6)