महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-107, verse-4

भीष्म उवाच ।
अत्र ते वर्तयिष्यामि यन्मां त्वमनुपृच्छसि ।
अल्पायुर्येन भवति दीर्घायुर्वापि मानवः ॥४॥

4. bhīṣma uvāca ,
atra te vartayiṣyāmi yanmāṁ tvamanupṛcchasi ,
alpāyuryena bhavati dīrghāyurvāpi mānavaḥ.

4. bhīṣma uvāca atra te vartayiṣyāmi yat mām tvam
anupṛcchasi alpayuḥ yena bhavati dīrghāyuḥ vā api mānavaḥ

4. bhīṣma uvāca atra te vartayiṣyāmi yat tvam mām
anupṛcchasi yena mānavaḥ alpayuḥ vā api dīrghāyuḥ bhavati

4. Bhīṣma said: "Regarding that which you ask of me, I shall now explain here how a human being becomes short-lived or long-lived."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter, now

• ते (te) - to you, for you

• वर्तयिष्यामि (vartayiṣyāmi) - I shall relate, I shall explain, I shall cause to proceed

• यत् (yat) - which, that

• माम् (mām) - me

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• अनुपृच्छसि (anupṛcchasi) - you ask, you inquire

• अल्पयुः (alpayuḥ) - short-lived, having a short life

• येन (yena) - by which, whereby, with whom

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is, exists

• दीर्घायुः (dīrghāyuḥ) - long-lived, having a long life

• वा (vā) - or, either

• अपि (api) - even, also

• मानवः (mānavaḥ) - human being, man

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - terrible, formidable; name of a prominent character in the Mahābhārata

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of uvāca

perfect active

third person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter, now

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - to you, for you

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yusmad

yusmad - you

Note: Can also be genitive 'your'

वर्तयिष्यामि (vartayiṣyāmi) - I shall relate, I shall explain, I shall cause to proceed

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of vṛt

future active (causative)

first person singular, causative stem

Root: vṛt (class 1)

यत् (yat) - which, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, that, what

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of mad

mad - I, me

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yusmad

yusmad - you

अनुपृच्छसि (anupṛcchasi) - you ask, you inquire

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of anu-prach

present active

second person singular

Prefix: anu

Root: prach (class 6)

अल्पयुः (alpayuḥ) - short-lived, having a short life

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of alpayu

alpayu - having a small or short life

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (alpa+āyu)

• alpa – little, small, short
  adjective
• āyu – life, lifespan, vital power
  noun (neuter)

येन (yena) - by which, whereby, with whom

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, that, what

भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of bhū

present active

third person singular

Root: bhū (class 1)

दीर्घायुः (dīrghāyuḥ) - long-lived, having a long life

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīrghāyu

dīrghāyu - having a long life, long-lived

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dīrgha+āyu)

• dīrgha – long, tall, extensive
  adjective
• āyu – life, lifespan, vital power
  noun (neuter)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

मानवः (mānavaḥ) - human being, man

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mānava

mānava - human, human being, man, descendant of Manu