महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-107, verse-19

ये च पूर्वामुपासन्ते द्विजाः संध्यां न पश्चिमाम् ।
सर्वांस्तान्धार्मिको राजा शूद्रकर्माणि कारयेत् ॥१९॥

19. ye ca pūrvāmupāsante dvijāḥ saṁdhyāṁ na paścimām ,
sarvāṁstāndhārmiko rājā śūdrakarmāṇi kārayet.

19. ye ca pūrvām upāsante dvijāḥ sandhyām na paścimām
sarvān tān dhārmikaḥ rājā śūdrakarmāṇi kārayet

19. And those twice-born (dvija) who observe the morning twilight ritual (sandhyā) but not the evening one, a king dedicated to natural law (dharma) should compel all of them to perform the duties of a śūdra (śūdra).

Words meanings summery:

• ये (ye) - those who (who, those who)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• पूर्वाम् (pūrvām) - the morning (twilight ritual) (former, eastern, prior)

• उपासन्ते (upāsante) - they observe (the ritual) (they worship, observe, meditate upon)

• द्विजाः (dvijāḥ) - twice-born (dvija) (twice-born (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas))

• सन्ध्याम् (sandhyām) - the twilight ritual (sandhyā) (twilight, juncture, twilight ritual)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• पश्चिमाम् (paścimām) - the evening (twilight ritual) (western, later, last)

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (all, every)

• तान् (tān) - those (dvijas) (them, those)

• धार्मिकः (dhārmikaḥ) - a king dedicated to natural law (dharma) (righteous, virtuous, adhering to dharma)

• राजा (rājā) - a king (king, ruler)

• शूद्रकर्माणि (śūdrakarmāṇi) - the duties of a śūdra (śūdra) (duties of a śūdra, actions of a śūdra)

• कारयेत् (kārayet) - should compel (them) to perform (one should cause to do, make perform)

Words meanings and morphology

ये (ye) - those who (who, those who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

पूर्वाम् (pūrvām) - the morning (twilight ritual) (former, eastern, prior)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pūrvā

pūrvā - eastern, former, prior, first, morning (feminine often refers to sandhyā)

उपासन्ते (upāsante) - they observe (the ritual) (they worship, observe, meditate upon)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of upās

present, 3rd person plural, middle voice

Root ās with prefix upa

Prefix: upa

Root: ās (class 2)

द्विजाः (dvijāḥ) - twice-born (dvija) (twice-born (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born, Brahmin, bird, tooth, snake

Compound of dvi (two) and ja (born)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  from root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

सन्ध्याम् (sandhyām) - the twilight ritual (sandhyā) (twilight, juncture, twilight ritual)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sandhyā

sandhyā - twilight, juncture, period of transition (morning, noon, evening), twilight ritual, meditation

from sam-dhā

Prefix: sam

Root: dhā (class 3)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

पश्चिमाम् (paścimām) - the evening (twilight ritual) (western, later, last)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of paścimā

paścimā - western, later, last, evening (feminine often refers to sandhyā)

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (all, every)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

तान् (tān) - those (dvijas) (them, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it (pronoun)

धार्मिकः (dhārmikaḥ) - a king dedicated to natural law (dharma) (righteous, virtuous, adhering to dharma)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhārmika

dhārmika - righteous, virtuous, just, pious, adhering to dharma

From dharma + ika suffix

Root: dhṛ

राजा (rājā) - a king (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign, chief

n-stem noun

Root: rāj

शूद्रकर्माणि (śūdrakarmāṇi) - the duties of a śūdra (śūdra) (duties of a śūdra, actions of a śūdra)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of śūdrakarman

śūdrakarman - the work or duty of a śūdra

Compound of śūdra and karman

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śūdra+karman)

• śūdra – member of the fourth varna, a laborer, servant
  noun (masculine)
• karman – action, deed, work, duty, ritual, consequence of actions
  noun (neuter)
  from root kṛ (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

कारयेत् (kārayet) - should compel (them) to perform (one should cause to do, make perform)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of kāray

optative, 3rd person singular, active voice (causative)

Causative of root kṛ (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)