महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-107, verse-112

संध्यायां न स्वपेद्राजन्विद्यां न च समाचरेत् ।
न भुञ्जीत च मेधावी तथायुर्विन्दते महत् ॥११२॥

112. saṁdhyāyāṁ na svapedrājanvidyāṁ na ca samācaret ,
na bhuñjīta ca medhāvī tathāyurvindate mahat.

112. sandhyāyām na svapet rājan vidyām na ca samācaret
na bhuñjīta ca medhāvī tathā āyuḥ vindate mahat

112. rājan,
medhāvī sandhyāyām na svapet,
ca vidyām na samācaret,
ca na bhuñjīta.
tathā mahat āyuḥ vindate.

112. O king, a wise person should not sleep during twilight (sandhyā), nor should they engage in study, nor should they eat. Thus, one attains a long life.

Words meanings summery:

• सन्ध्यायाम् (sandhyāyām) - during twilight (sandhyā) (at twilight, at junction period (dawn, dusk))

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• स्वपेत् (svapet) - one should sleep

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• विद्याम् (vidyām) - knowledge, study (knowledge, learning, science)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• समाचरेत् (samācaret) - one should engage in study (one should practice, perform, study, behave)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• भुञ्जीत (bhuñjīta) - one should eat (one should eat, one should enjoy)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• मेधावी (medhāvī) - a wise person (intelligent, wise, discerning (person))

• तथा (tathā) - thus (indicating consequence) (thus, so, similarly, likewise)

• आयुः (āyuḥ) - a long life (life, lifespan, duration of life)

• विन्दते (vindate) - one attains (one finds, one obtains, one gains)

• महत् (mahat) - long (referring to life) (great, large, extensive)

Words meanings and morphology

सन्ध्यायाम् (sandhyāyām) - during twilight (sandhyā) (at twilight, at junction period (dawn, dusk))

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of sandhyā

sandhyā - twilight, junction of day and night (dawn, dusk), junction of two periods (e.g., yuga)

From sam-dhā (to join together).

Prefix: sam

Root: dhā (class 3)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

स्वपेत् (svapet) - one should sleep

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of svap

Root class 2, Parasmaipada, Optative, 3rd Person Singular

From root √svap, class 2 (svapiti). Optative mood.

Root: svap (class 2)

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, monarch

N-stem masculine noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

विद्याम् (vidyām) - knowledge, study (knowledge, learning, science)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vidyā

vidyā - knowledge, learning, science, doctrine

From root √vid (to know).

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Object of samācaret.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

समाचरेत् (samācaret) - one should engage in study (one should practice, perform, study, behave)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of samācar

Root class 1, Parasmaipada, Optative, 3rd Person Singular

From root √car (to move, to practice) with prefixes sam- and ā-.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: car (class 1)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

भुञ्जीत (bhuñjīta) - one should eat (one should eat, one should enjoy)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhuj

Root class 7, Ātmanepada, Optative, 3rd Person Singular

From root √bhuj (to eat, enjoy), class 7, Ātmanepada. Optative mood.

Root: bhuj (class 7)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

मेधावी (medhāvī) - a wise person (intelligent, wise, discerning (person))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of medhāvin

medhāvin - intelligent, wise, sagacious, possessing intellect

From medhā (intellect) + -vin suffix.

Note: Implied subject of the preceding verbs.

तथा (tathā) - thus (indicating consequence) (thus, so, similarly, likewise)

(indeclinable)

Adverb

आयुः (āyuḥ) - a long life (life, lifespan, duration of life)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of āyus

āyus - life, duration of life, vital power

S-stem neuter noun.

विन्दते (vindate) - one attains (one finds, one obtains, one gains)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of vid

Root class 6, Ātmanepada, Present Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

From root √vid (to find, obtain), 6th class, Ātmanepada.

Root: vid (class 6)

महत् (mahat) - long (referring to life) (great, large, extensive)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, extensive, mighty

Present active participle of root √mah (to be great), but used as an adjective.

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Qualifies āyuḥ.