महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-107, verse-114

वर्जनीयाश्च वै नित्यं सक्तवो निशि भारत ।
शेषाणि चावदातानि पानीयं चैव भोजने ॥११४॥

114. varjanīyāśca vai nityaṁ saktavo niśi bhārata ,
śeṣāṇi cāvadātāni pānīyaṁ caiva bhojane.

114. varjanīyāḥ ca vai nityam saktavaḥ niśi bhārata
śeṣāṇi ca avadātāni pānīyam ca eva bhojane

114. bhārata! niśi nityam saktavaḥ ca vai varjanīyāḥ.
ca avadātāni śeṣāṇi ca eva bhojane pānīyam (varjanīyāḥ).

114. O Bhārata, parched grain flour should always be avoided at night. Also, leftover pure foods and water taken with a meal should not be consumed at night.

Words meanings summery:

• वर्जनीयाः (varjanīyāḥ) - should be avoided, fit to be shunned

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely, truly

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

• सक्तवः (saktavaḥ) - parched grain flour, gruel

• निशि (niśi) - at night, in the night

• भारत (bhārata) - Addressing Yudhiṣṭhira or Arjuna in the Mahābhārata. (O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata))

• शेषाणि (śeṣāṇi) - remaining food items (leftovers, remaining things)

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• अवदातानि (avadātāni) - pure, referring to food items (pure, clean, white)

• पानीयम् (pānīyam) - water, drink

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• एव (eva) - indeed, even, only, just

• भोजने (bhojane) - during a meal, at a meal, in food

Words meanings and morphology

वर्जनीयाः (varjanīyāḥ) - should be avoided, fit to be shunned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of varjanīya

varjanīya - to be avoided, shunned, forbidden

Gerundive (anīyar)

From √vṛj (to avoid) + anīya. Masculine nominative plural, agreeing with 'saktavaḥ'.

Root: vṛj (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects with the previous verse's implicit continuation or a general 'and'.

वै (vai) - indeed, surely, truly

(indeclinable)

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Adverbial usage of accusative singular of nitya (adjective).

सक्तवः (saktavaḥ) - parched grain flour, gruel

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saktu

saktu - flour of parched barley or other grain

Masculine nominative plural.

निशि (niśi) - at night, in the night

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of niś

niś - night

Feminine locative singular.

भारत (bhārata) - Addressing Yudhiṣṭhira or Arjuna in the Mahābhārata. (O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, Indian

Masculine vocative singular.

शेषाणि (śeṣāṇi) - remaining food items (leftovers, remaining things)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of śeṣa

śeṣa - remainder, residue, remaining

Neuter nominative/accusative plural.

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'śeṣāṇi avadātāni' with 'saktavaḥ'.

अवदातानि (avadātāni) - pure, referring to food items (pure, clean, white)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of avadāta

avadāta - clean, pure, white, bright

Past Passive Participle

From ava + √dā (to cut, but also to purify in some contexts) or √dai (to purify). Neuter nominative/accusative plural.

Prefix: ava

Root: dā / dai (class 3)

पानीयम् (pānīyam) - water, drink

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pānīya

pānīya - water, drinkable

Gerundive (anīyar)

From √pā (to drink) + anīya. Neuter nominative singular.

Root: pā (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'pānīyam' with the previous items.

एव (eva) - indeed, even, only, just

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

भोजने (bhojane) - during a meal, at a meal, in food

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of bhojana

bhojana - eating, food, meal

Neuter locative singular.

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Locative of time/circumstance.