महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-107, verse-41

प्रत्यादित्यं प्रत्यनिलं प्रति गां च प्रति द्विजान् ।
ये मेहन्ति च पन्थानं ते भवन्ति गतायुषः ॥४१॥

41. pratyādityaṁ pratyanilaṁ prati gāṁ ca prati dvijān ,
ye mehanti ca panthānaṁ te bhavanti gatāyuṣaḥ.

41. prati ādityam prati anilam prati gām ca prati dvijān
ye mehanti ca panthānam te bhavanti gatāyuṣaḥ

41. ye ādityam prati anilam prati gām ca prati dvijān
prati panthānam ca mehanti te gatāyuṣaḥ bhavanti

41. Those who urinate facing the sun, the wind, a cow, or a twice-born (dvija), or upon a road, will have their lifespan shortened.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रति (prati) - towards, against, opposite, in return for

• आदित्यम् (ādityam) - sun, descendant of Aditi (a solar deity)

• प्रति (prati) - towards, against, opposite, in return for

• अनिलम् (anilam) - wind, air, god of wind

• प्रति (prati) - towards, against, opposite, in return for

• गाम् (gām) - cow, earth, speech

• च (ca) - and, also

• प्रति (prati) - towards, against, opposite, in return for

• द्विजान् (dvijān) - Brahmins (twice-born, Brahmin, bird, snake)

• ये (ye) - who, which, those who

• मेहन्ति (mehanti) - they urinate

• च (ca) - and, also

• पन्थानम् (panthānam) - path, road

• ते (te) - they, those

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become, they are

• गतायुषः (gatāyuṣaḥ) - having lost life, short-lived

Words meanings and morphology

प्रति (prati) - towards, against, opposite, in return for

(indeclinable)

आदित्यम् (ādityam) - sun, descendant of Aditi (a solar deity)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āditya

āditya - sun, solar deity, descendant of Aditi

प्रति (prati) - towards, against, opposite, in return for

(indeclinable)

अनिलम् (anilam) - wind, air, god of wind

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anila

anila - wind, air, god of wind

प्रति (prati) - towards, against, opposite, in return for

(indeclinable)

गाम् (gām) - cow, earth, speech

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of go

go - cow, bull, earth, speech

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

प्रति (prati) - towards, against, opposite, in return for

(indeclinable)

द्विजान् (dvijān) - Brahmins (twice-born, Brahmin, bird, snake)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), bird, tooth, snake

Compound of dvi (two) and ja (born)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two, twice
  indeclinable
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  agent noun/suffix
  Derived from root √jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

ये (ye) - who, which, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

मेहन्ति (mehanti) - they urinate

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of mih

Root: mih (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

पन्थानम् (panthānam) - path, road

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pathin

pathin - path, road, way

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become, they are

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

गतायुषः (gatāyuṣaḥ) - having lost life, short-lived

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gatāyuṣa

gatāyuṣa - whose life is gone, having lost life, short-lived

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gata+āyuṣ)

• gata – gone, departed, past
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)
• āyuṣ – life, lifespan, duration of life
  noun (neuter)