महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-107, verse-89

तोयपूर्वं प्रदायान्नमतिथिभ्यो विशां पते ।
पश्चाद्भुञ्जीत मेधावी न चाप्यन्यमना नरः ॥८९॥

89. toyapūrvaṁ pradāyānnamatithibhyo viśāṁ pate ,
paścādbhuñjīta medhāvī na cāpyanyamanā naraḥ.

89. toyapūrvam pradāya annam atithibhyaḥ viśām pate
paścāt bhuñjīta medhāvī na ca api anyamanā naraḥ

89. viśām pate medhāvī naraḥ atithibhyaḥ toyapūrvam
annam pradāya paścāt bhuñjīta ca api anyamanā na

89. O lord of the people, an intelligent person should first offer food with water to guests and only then partake of food. A person whose mind is distracted, however, should not eat.

Words meanings summery:

• तोयपूर्वम् (toyapūrvam) - having given first with water (preceded by water, with water first)

• प्रदाय (pradāya) - having given, having offered

• अन्नम् (annam) - food, cooked rice

• अतिथिभ्यः (atithibhyaḥ) - to guests, for guests

• विशाम् (viśām) - of people, of subjects

• पते (pate) - O lord, O master

• पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards, thereafter, later

• भुञ्जीत (bhuñjīta) - one should eat, one should partake

• मेधावी (medhāvī) - intelligent, wise, sagacious

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• अन्यमना (anyamanā) - distracted, with mind elsewhere

• नरः (naraḥ) - a man, a person

Words meanings and morphology

तोयपूर्वम् (toyapūrvam) - having given first with water (preceded by water, with water first)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of toyapūrva

toyapūrva - preceded by water, with water as the first thing

Compound type : karmadhāraya (toya+pūrva)

• toya – water
  noun (neuter)
• pūrva – first, prior, preceded by
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially.

प्रदाय (pradāya) - having given, having offered

(indeclinable)

gerund/absolutive

Formed from pra + dā + lyap

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 3)

अन्नम् (annam) - food, cooked rice

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, cooked rice, grain

Past passive participle of ad (to eat) used as a noun.

Root: ad (class 2)

Note: Object of pradāya.

अतिथिभ्यः (atithibhyaḥ) - to guests, for guests

(noun)

Dative, masculine, plural of atithi

atithi - guest, stranger, uninvited person

From a (not) + tithi (fixed time) meaning one who comes without a fixed date.

Note: Indirect object of pradāya.

विशाम् (viśām) - of people, of subjects

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subjects, community

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Part of the vocative compound viśām pate.

पते (pate) - O lord, O master

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband, owner

Note: Vocative singular of pati.

पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards, thereafter, later

(indeclinable)

From paśca + suffix tās.

भुञ्जीत (bhuñjīta) - one should eat, one should partake

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhuj

optative mood, ātmanepada

From root bhuj, 7th class, optative 3rd person singular ātmanepada.

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Ātmanepada form.

मेधावी (medhāvī) - intelligent, wise, sagacious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of medhāvin

medhāvin - intelligent, sagacious, possessing intellect

From medhā (intellect) + vin (possessing).

Note: Subject of bhuñjīta.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

अन्यमना (anyamanā) - distracted, with mind elsewhere

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anyamanas

anyamanas - having the mind on other things, distracted

Compound: anya (other) + manas (mind).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (anya+manas)

• anya – other, another
  pronoun (masculine)
• manas – mind, intellect, thought
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies naraḥ.

नरः (naraḥ) - a man, a person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, human being, person

Root: nṛ

Note: Subject.