महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-107, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
शतायुरुक्तः पुरुषः शतवीर्यश्च वैदिके ।
कस्मान्म्रियन्ते पुरुषा बाला अपि पितामह ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
śatāyuruktaḥ puruṣaḥ śatavīryaśca vaidike ,
kasmānmriyante puruṣā bālā api pitāmaha.

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca śatāyuḥ uktaḥ puruṣaḥ śatavīryaḥ ca
vaidike kasmāt mriyante puruṣāḥ bālāḥ api pitāmaha

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca pitāmaha vaidike puruṣaḥ śatāyuḥ
śatavīryaḥ ca uktaḥ kasmāt bālāḥ api puruṣāḥ mriyante

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: "Grandfather, in the Vedic (scriptures), a person is said to possess a lifespan of a hundred years and a hundred powers. Why then do people die, even children?"

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• शतायुः (śatāyuḥ) - having a hundred years of life, centenarian

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken, said, declared

• पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - man, person, male, cosmic person (puruṣa)

• शतवीर्यः (śatavīryaḥ) - having a hundred powers/strengths

• च (ca) - and, also

• वैदिके (vaidike) - in the Vedic scriptures; relating to the Veda

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what, whence

• म्रियन्ते (mriyante) - they die

• पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - men, persons

• बालाः (bālāḥ) - children, young boys

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Grandfather (addressing Bhīṣma) (grandfather)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle; a name of the eldest Pāṇḍava prince

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of uvāca

perfect active

third person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

शतायुः (śatāyuḥ) - having a hundred years of life, centenarian

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śatāyu

śatāyu - having a hundred years of life, centenarian

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śata+āyu)

• śata – hundred
  numeral (neuter)
• āyu – life, lifespan, vital power
  noun (neuter)

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken, said, declared

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, declared

past passive participle

derived from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - man, person, male, cosmic person (puruṣa)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, male, cosmic person (puruṣa)

शतवीर्यः (śatavīryaḥ) - having a hundred powers/strengths

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śatavīrya

śatavīrya - having a hundred powers or strengths

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śata+vīrya)

• śata – hundred
  numeral (neuter)
• vīrya – valor, strength, power, energy
  noun (neuter)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

वैदिके (vaidike) - in the Vedic scriptures; relating to the Veda

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of vaidika

vaidika - relating to the Veda, Vedic, conformable to the Veda

Note: Implied 'scriptures' (śāstre) as the noun it modifies.

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what, whence

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'why'.

म्रियन्ते (mriyante) - they die

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (lat) of mṛ

present middle

third person plural

Root: mṛ (class 6)

पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - men, persons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, male, cosmic person (puruṣa)

बालाः (bālāḥ) - children, young boys

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bāla

bāla - child, young boy, ignorant person

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Grandfather (addressing Bhīṣma) (grandfather)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather (father's father), Brahmā