महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-107, verse-24

प्राङ्मुखो नित्यमश्नीयाद्वाग्यतोऽन्नमकुत्सयन् ।
प्रस्कन्दयेच्च मनसा भुक्त्वा चाग्निमुपस्पृशेत् ॥२४॥

24. prāṅmukho nityamaśnīyādvāgyato'nnamakutsayan ,
praskandayecca manasā bhuktvā cāgnimupaspṛśet.

24. prāṅmukhaḥ nityam aśnīyāt vāgyataḥ annam akutsayan
praskandayet ca manasā bhuktvā ca agnim upaspr̥śet

24. prāṅmukhaḥ nityam vāgyataḥ annam akutsayan aśnīyāt
ca manasā praskandayet ca bhuktvā agnim upaspr̥śet

24. One should always eat, facing east, with controlled speech, and without reviling the food. One should mentally sprinkle a portion (as an offering) and, having eaten, should touch water while invoking `agni` (fire).

Words meanings summery:

• प्राङ्मुखः (prāṅmukhaḥ) - facing east

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, regularly

• अश्नीयात् (aśnīyāt) - one should eat, one should consume

• वाग्यतः (vāgyataḥ) - having speech controlled, self-controlled in speech

• अन्नम् (annam) - food, cooked rice

• अकुत्सयन् (akutsayan) - not reviling, not blaming

• प्रस्कन्दयेत् (praskandayet) - one should sprinkle, one should scatter (as an offering)

• च (ca) - and, also

• मनसा (manasā) - by the mind, mentally

• भुक्त्वा (bhuktvā) - having eaten, after eating

• च (ca) - and, also

• अग्निम् (agnim) - fire (agni) (fire, digestive fire)

• उपस्प्र्̥शेत् (upaspr̥śet) - one should touch water (for ritual purification) (one should touch, one should come into contact with)

Words meanings and morphology

प्राङ्मुखः (prāṅmukhaḥ) - facing east

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāṅmukha

prāṅmukha - facing east, with the face towards the east

Compound. Prāṅ (eastward) + mukha (face).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (prāṅc+mukha)

• prāṅc – eastern, eastward
  adjective
• mukha – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, regularly

(indeclinable)

Note: Accusative singular neuter of `nitya` used adverbially.

अश्नीयात् (aśnīyāt) - one should eat, one should consume

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of aś

Optative mood, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

Root √aś, 9th class (aśnāti), optative, parasmaipada, 3rd singular.

Root: aś (class 9)

वाग्यतः (vāgyataḥ) - having speech controlled, self-controlled in speech

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāgyata

vāgyata - having controlled speech, silent, reserved in speech

Compound. Vāk (speech) + yata (controlled, restrained - past passive participle of √yam).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vāc+yata)

• vāc – speech, voice, word
  noun (feminine)
• yata – controlled, restrained, self-controlled
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √yam (to restrain, control).
  Root: yam (class 1)

अन्नम् (annam) - food, cooked rice

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, cooked rice, grain

Past Passive Participle (originally)

From √ad (to eat) + na (suffix), meaning 'that which is eaten'. Substantivized.

Root: ad (class 2)

Note: Object of 'aśnīyāt'.

अकुत्सयन् (akutsayan) - not reviling, not blaming

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akutsayat

kutsayat - reviling, blaming, despising

Present Active Participle

From √kuts (to revile, blame) + śatṛ (present active participle suffix), prefixed with `a-` for negation.

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+kutsayat)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• kutsayat – reviling, blaming
  participle (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From root √kuts (to revile, blame).
  Root: kuts (class 10)

Note: Used adverbially.

प्रस्कन्दयेत् (praskandayet) - one should sprinkle, one should scatter (as an offering)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of praskand

Optative mood, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

From pra-√skand (to leap, flow, sprinkle). Root √skand, 1st class (skandati) with upasarga pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: skand (class 1)

Note: This is often done mentally.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

मनसा (manasā) - by the mind, mentally

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, thought, intention

Root: man

भुक्त्वा (bhuktvā) - having eaten, after eating

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From √bhuj (to eat, enjoy) + ktvā (absolutive suffix).

Root: bhuj (class 7)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अग्निम् (agnim) - fire (agni) (fire, digestive fire)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of agni

agni - fire, god of fire, digestive fire

Note: Object of 'upaspr̥śet'.

उपस्प्र्̥शेत् (upaspr̥śet) - one should touch water (for ritual purification) (one should touch, one should come into contact with)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of upaspr̥ś

Optative mood, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

From upa-√spṛś (to touch). Root √spṛś, 6th class (spṛśati), with upasarga upa.

Prefix: upa

Root: spṛś (class 6)