महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-107, verse-38

नाध्यापयेत्तथोच्छिष्टो नाधीयीत कदाचन ।
वाते च पूतिगन्धे च मनसापि न चिन्तयेत् ॥३८॥

38. nādhyāpayettathocchiṣṭo nādhīyīta kadācana ,
vāte ca pūtigandhe ca manasāpi na cintayet.

38. na adhyāpayet tathā ucchiṣṭaḥ na adhīyīta kadācana
vāte ca pūtigandhe ca manasā api na cintayet

38. ucchiṣṭaḥ tathā na adhyāpayet ca kadācana na adhīyīta
ca vāte ca pūtigandhe manasā api na cintayet

38. One should not teach while ritually impure (ucchiṣṭa), nor should one ever study. Moreover, one should not even think (of sacred matters) in a windy or foul-smelling place.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not

• अध्यापयेत् (adhyāpayet) - should cause to study (causative of adhyī) (should teach)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, in that way, accordingly

• उच्छिष्टः (ucchiṣṭaḥ) - ritually impure due to having eaten (leftover, impure (from eating))

• न (na) - not

• अधीयीत (adhīyīta) - should study (sacred texts) (should study)

• कदाचन (kadācana) - ever, at any time, never (when used with na)

• वाते (vāte) - in the wind, in a windy place

• च (ca) - and, also

• पूतिगन्धे (pūtigandhe) - in a foul-smelling place

• च (ca) - and, also

• मनसा (manasā) - by mind, with the mind

• अपि (api) - even, also

• न (na) - not

• चिन्तयेत् (cintayet) - should think (of sacred matters, such as lessons) (should think, should ponder)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अध्यापयेत् (adhyāpayet) - should cause to study (causative of adhyī) (should teach)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of adhyāp

Optative mood, Causative

Causative of root i- (to go/study) with upasargas adhi- and ā-

Prefixes: adhi+ā

Root: i (class 2)

Note: The root is `i` (to go, also to study when combined with adhi). The causative form means 'to cause to study' or 'to teach'.

तथा (tathā) - thus, in that way, accordingly

(indeclinable)

उच्छिष्टः (ucchiṣṭaḥ) - ritually impure due to having eaten (leftover, impure (from eating))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ucchiṣṭa

ucchiṣṭa - leftover, impure (especially after eating)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śiṣ- with prefix ud-

Prefix: ud

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Refers to the state of ceremonial impurity after eating without having cleansed oneself.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अधीयीत (adhīyīta) - should study (sacred texts) (should study)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of adhī

Optative mood

Root i- (to go) with prefix adhi-

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

Note: The root `i` (to go) with `adhi` means 'to go to, approach for learning', hence 'to study'.

कदाचन (kadācana) - ever, at any time, never (when used with na)

(indeclinable)

From kadā (when) + cana (particle)

वाते (vāte) - in the wind, in a windy place

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vāta

vāta - wind, air

Note: Refers to an open, possibly unsettling, or distracting environment.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

पूतिगन्धे (pūtigandhe) - in a foul-smelling place

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of pūtigandha

pūtigandha - foul-smelling, having a bad odor

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pūti+gandha)

• pūti – foul smell, stench, rottenness
  noun (feminine)
  Root: pūy (class 1)
• gandha – smell, odor, fragrance
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with `vāte` (in sense of place).

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

मनसा (manasā) - by mind, with the mind

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, thought

Note: Refers to mental activity, thinking or contemplating.

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'not even mentally'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

चिन्तयेत् (cintayet) - should think (of sacred matters, such as lessons) (should think, should ponder)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of cint

Optative mood

Derived from root cit- (to perceive, know) with secondary conjugation (10th class or denominative type).

Root: cit (class 10)

Note: Refers to mental activity related to study or sacred texts.