महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-107, verse-86

न पाणौ लवणं विद्वान्प्राश्नीयान्न च रात्रिषु ।
दधिसक्तून्न भुञ्जीत वृथामांसं च वर्जयेत् ॥८६॥

86. na pāṇau lavaṇaṁ vidvānprāśnīyānna ca rātriṣu ,
dadhisaktūnna bhuñjīta vṛthāmāṁsaṁ ca varjayet.

86. na pāṇau lavaṇam vidvān prāśnīyāt na ca rātriṣu
dadhisaktūn na bhuñjīta vṛthāmāṃsam ca varjayet

86. vidvān pāṇau lavaṇam na prāśnīyāt ca rātriṣu na
dadhisaktūn na bhuñjīta ca vṛthāmāṃsam varjayet

86. A learned person should not eat salt from their hand, nor should they eat during the nights. One should not eat curds mixed with roasted flour, and should avoid meat eaten without purpose.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

• पाणौ (pāṇau) - in the hand

• लवणम् (lavaṇam) - salt

• विद्वान् (vidvān) - a learned person (learned, wise person, scholar)

• प्राश्नीयात् (prāśnīyāt) - should eat (should eat, should taste)

• न (na) - nor (not, no, nor)

• च (ca) - and

• रात्रिषु (rātriṣu) - during the nights (during nights, in the nights)

• दधिसक्तून् (dadhisaktūn) - curds mixed with roasted flour (curds and parched grain flour, gruel)

• न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

• भुञ्जीत (bhuñjīta) - should eat (should eat, should enjoy)

• वृथामांसम् (vṛthāmāṁsam) - meat eaten without purpose (useless meat, meat consumed needlessly)

• च (ca) - and

• वर्जयेत् (varjayet) - one should avoid (one should avoid, reject)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation

पाणौ (pāṇau) - in the hand

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pāṇi

pāṇi - hand

लवणम् (lavaṇam) - salt

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of lavaṇa

lavaṇa - salt

Note: Object of prāśnīyāt

विद्वान् (vidvān) - a learned person (learned, wise person, scholar)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidvat

vidvat - learned, knowing, wise

Present Active Participle

from √vid (to know)

Root: √vid (class 2)

Note: Subject of prāśnīyāt

प्राश्नीयात् (prāśnīyāt) - should eat (should eat, should taste)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of pra-√aś

Optative

3rd person singular optative active

Prefix: pra

Root: √aś (class 9)

Note: Subject is vidvān

न (na) - nor (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

रात्रिषु (rātriṣu) - during the nights (during nights, in the nights)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of rātri

rātri - night

Note: Denotes time

दधिसक्तून् (dadhisaktūn) - curds mixed with roasted flour (curds and parched grain flour, gruel)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dadhisaktu

dadhisaktu - curds and parched grain flour

Compound type : dvandva (dadhi+saktu)

• dadhi – curds, yogurt
  noun (neuter)
• saktu – flour of parched grain, gruel
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of bhuñjīta

न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation

भुञ्जीत (bhuñjīta) - should eat (should eat, should enjoy)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of √bhuj

Optative

3rd person singular optative middle

Root: √bhuj (class 7)

Note: Implied subject is 'one'

वृथामांसम् (vṛthāmāṁsam) - meat eaten without purpose (useless meat, meat consumed needlessly)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vṛthāmāṃsa

vṛthāmāṁsa - meat consumed uselessly, meat not offered in a Vedic ritual

Compound type : karmadhāraya (vṛthā+māṃsa)

• vṛthā – uselessly, in vain, without purpose
  indeclinable
• māṃsa – meat, flesh
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of varjayet

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

वर्जयेत् (varjayet) - one should avoid (one should avoid, reject)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of √vṛj

Optative

3rd person singular optative active

Root: √vṛj (class 1)

Note: Implied subject is 'one'