महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-107, verse-25

आयुष्यं प्राङ्मुखो भुङ्क्ते यशस्यं दक्षिणामुखः ।
धन्यं पश्चान्मुखो भुङ्क्ते ऋतं भुङ्क्ते उदङ्मुखः ॥२५॥

25. āyuṣyaṁ prāṅmukho bhuṅkte yaśasyaṁ dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ ,
dhanyaṁ paścānmukho bhuṅkte ṛtaṁ bhuṅkte udaṅmukhaḥ.

25. āyuṣyam prāṅmukhaḥ bhuṅkte yaśasyam dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ
dhanyam paścānmukhaḥ bhuṅkte ṛtam bhuṅkte udaṅmukhaḥ

25. prāṅmukhaḥ āyuṣyam bhuṅkte dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ yaśasyam (bhuṅkte)
paścānmukhaḥ dhanyam bhuṅkte udaṅmukhaḥ ṛtam bhuṅkte

25. One who eats facing east achieves a long life. One who eats facing south gains fame. One who eats facing west attains prosperity. One who eats facing north partakes of truth and righteousness.

Words meanings summery:

• आयुष्यम् (āyuṣyam) - that which promotes long life (conducive to longevity, prolonging life)

• प्राङ्मुखः (prāṅmukhaḥ) - a person who is facing east (facing east, eastward-facing)

• भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - partakes of food, thereby enjoying the associated benefit (eats, enjoys, consumes, experiences)

• यशस्यम् (yaśasyam) - that which brings fame (conducive to fame, glorious)

• दक्षिणामुखः (dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ) - a person who is facing south (facing south, southward-facing)

• धन्यम् (dhanyam) - that which brings prosperity or wealth (fortunate, auspicious, wealthy, conducive to prosperity)

• पश्चान्मुखः (paścānmukhaḥ) - a person who is facing west (facing west, westward-facing)

• ऋतम् (ṛtam) - cosmic order and moral righteousness, the correct way of living (truth, cosmic order, righteousness, proper conduct)

• उदङ्मुखः (udaṅmukhaḥ) - a person who is facing north (facing north, northward-facing)

Words meanings and morphology

आयुष्यम् (āyuṣyam) - that which promotes long life (conducive to longevity, prolonging life)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of āyuṣya

āyuṣya - conducive to long life, promoting longevity, healthy

Derived from āyus (life) + ya (suffix indicating 'conducive to')

Note: Can also be nominative singular neuter, but accusative fits better as the object of 'bhuṅkte'.

प्राङ्मुखः (prāṅmukhaḥ) - a person who is facing east (facing east, eastward-facing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāṅmukha

prāṅmukha - facing east, having the face turned eastward

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (prāñc+mukha)

• prāñc – east, eastward
  adjective (masculine)
• mukha – face, mouth, opening
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the agent, 'one who is facing east'.

भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - partakes of food, thereby enjoying the associated benefit (eats, enjoys, consumes, experiences)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of √bhuj

Root: bhuj (class 7)

यशस्यम् (yaśasyam) - that which brings fame (conducive to fame, glorious)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yaśasya

yaśasya - conducive to fame, glorious, renowned

Derived from yaśas (fame) + ya (suffix indicating 'conducive to')

Note: Accusative singular neuter, object of implicit 'bhuṅkte'.

दक्षिणामुखः (dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ) - a person who is facing south (facing south, southward-facing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dakṣiṇāmukha

dakṣiṇāmukha - facing south, having the face turned southward

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dakṣiṇā+mukha)

• dakṣiṇā – south, right
  noun (feminine)
• mukha – face, mouth, opening
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the agent, 'one who is facing south'.

धन्यम् (dhanyam) - that which brings prosperity or wealth (fortunate, auspicious, wealthy, conducive to prosperity)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanya

dhanya - wealthy, prosperous, fortunate, auspicious, blessed

Derived from dhana (wealth) + ya (suffix indicating possession or fitness)

Note: Accusative singular neuter, object of 'bhuṅkte'.

पश्चान्मुखः (paścānmukhaḥ) - a person who is facing west (facing west, westward-facing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paścānmukha

paścānmukha - facing west, having the face turned westward

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (paścāt+mukha)

• paścāt – behind, from the west, west
  indeclinable
• mukha – face, mouth, opening
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the agent, 'one who is facing west'.

ऋतम् (ṛtam) - cosmic order and moral righteousness, the correct way of living (truth, cosmic order, righteousness, proper conduct)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ṛta

ṛta - truth, cosmic order, sacred law, righteousness, correctness

Past Passive Participle

From √ṛ (to go, to move, to rise), meaning 'that which is properly ordered or established'.

Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Accusative singular neuter, object of 'bhuṅkte'.

उदङ्मुखः (udaṅmukhaḥ) - a person who is facing north (facing north, northward-facing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udaṅmukha

udaṅmukha - facing north, having the face turned northward

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (udac+mukha)

• udac – north, upward
  adjective (masculine)
• mukha – face, mouth, opening
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the agent, 'one who is facing north'.