महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-107, verse-56

नारुंतुदः स्यान्न नृशंसवादी न हीनतः परमभ्याददीत ।
ययास्य वाचा पर उद्विजेत न तां वदेद्रुशतीं पापलोक्याम् ॥५६॥

56. nāruṁtudaḥ syānna nṛśaṁsavādī; na hīnataḥ paramabhyādadīta ,
yayāsya vācā para udvijeta; na tāṁ vadedruśatīṁ pāpalokyām.

56. na arumtudaḥ syāt na nṛśaṃsavādī
na hīnataḥ param abhyādadīta
yayā asya vācā paraḥ udvijeta
na tām vadet ruśatīm pāpalokyām

56. na arumtudaḥ syāt na nṛśaṃsavādī
na hīnataḥ param abhyādadīta
yayā asya vācā paraḥ udvijeta
tām ruśatīm pāpalokyām na vadet

56. One should not be a tormentor, nor speak cruelly, nor should one assail another from a position of inferiority. One should not utter such harsh, condemnation-provoking speech by which another person might be agitated.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not

• अरुंतुदः (aruṁtudaḥ) - tormenting, hurting others

• स्यात् (syāt) - should be, may be

• न (na) - not

• नृशंसवादी (nṛśaṁsavādī) - cruel speaker

• न (na) - not

• हीनतः (hīnataḥ) - from a low position, from inferiority, from a lowly person

• परम् (param) - another, a superior person

• अभ्याददीत (abhyādadīta) - should assail, should attack, should take away

• यया (yayā) - by which (speech)

• अस्य (asya) - his, its

• वाचा (vācā) - by speech, by word

• परः (paraḥ) - another (person)

• उद्विजेत (udvijeta) - might be agitated, might be disturbed

• न (na) - not

• ताम् (tām) - that (speech)

• वदेत् (vadet) - should speak, should say

• रुशतीम् (ruśatīm) - harsh, abusive

• पापलोक्याम् (pāpalokyām) - leading to evil worlds, causing condemnation

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अरुंतुदः (aruṁtudaḥ) - tormenting, hurting others

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aruṃtuda

aruṁtuda - tormenting, hurting, causing pain to others

Compound (upamāna-puruṣa) 'hurt-piercing'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (aram+tuda)

• aram – injury, harm, pain
  noun (neuter)
• tuda – piercing, striking, tormenting
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from root √tud (to pierce, strike).
  Root: tud (class 6)

स्यात् (syāt) - should be, may be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

नृशंसवादी (nṛśaṁsavādī) - cruel speaker

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛśaṃsavādin

nṛśaṁsavādin - one who speaks cruelly or harshly

Compound of nṛśaṃsa (cruel) and vādin (speaker).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛśaṃsa+vādin)

• nṛśaṃsa – cruel, wicked, atrocious
  adjective (masculine)
• vādin – speaking, speaker, asserting
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from root √vad (to speak).
  Root: vad (class 1)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

हीनतः (hīnataḥ) - from a low position, from inferiority, from a lowly person

(indeclinable)

Ablative suffix -tas added to 'hīna'.

Note: Used adverbially to indicate 'from a low/inferior state/person'.

परम् (param) - another, a superior person

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of para

para - other, another, superior, supreme

अभ्याददीत (abhyādadīta) - should assail, should attack, should take away

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of abhyādad

Root √dā (class 3, both pada) with prefixes abhi- and ā-.

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: With abhi-ā-, it means to attack, assail, appropriate, seize.

यया (yayā) - by which (speech)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, what

Note: Refers to 'vācā'.

अस्य (asya) - his, its

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Refers to the person speaking the harsh words.

वाचा (vācā) - by speech, by word

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, word, voice

परः (paraḥ) - another (person)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of para

para - other, another, superior, supreme

उद्विजेत (udvijeta) - might be agitated, might be disturbed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of udvij

Root √vij (class 6, ātmanepada) with prefix ud-.

Prefix: ud

Root: vij (class 6)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

ताम् (tām) - that (speech)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to 'vācā' (speech).

वदेत् (vadet) - should speak, should say

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vad

Root: vad (class 1)

रुशतीम् (ruśatīm) - harsh, abusive

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ruśat

ruśat - harsh, abusive, noisy

Present Active Participle

Present Active Participle (śatṛ) from root √ruś (to injure, to revile).

Root: ruś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tām' (referring to 'vācā').

पापलोक्याम् (pāpalokyām) - leading to evil worlds, causing condemnation

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pāpalokyā

pāpalokyā - leading to evil worlds, causing condemnation, sinful

Compound formed from pāpa (evil/sin) and lokya (relating to a world/realm or public opinion).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāpa+lokya)

• pāpa – evil, sin, wicked
  noun (neuter)
• lokya – relating to the world, worldly; public (opinion), popular
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from loka (world, people).

Note: Agrees with 'tām' (referring to 'vācā').