महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-55, verse-93

तमापतन्तं प्रगृहीतचक्रं समीक्ष्य देवं द्विपदां वरिष्ठम् ।
असंभ्रमात्कार्मुकबाणपाणी रथे स्थितः शांतनवोऽभ्युवाच ॥९३॥

93. tamāpatantaṁ pragṛhītacakraṁ; samīkṣya devaṁ dvipadāṁ variṣṭham ,
asaṁbhramātkārmukabāṇapāṇī; rathe sthitaḥ śāṁtanavo'bhyuvāca.

93. tam āpatantam pragṛhītacakram
samīkṣya devam dvipadām variṣṭham
asaṃbhramāt kārmukabāṇapāṇī
rathe sthitaḥ śāṃtanavaḥ abhyuvāca

93. śāṃtanavaḥ rathe sthitaḥ asaṃbhramāt
kārmukabāṇapāṇī pragṛhītacakram
dvipadām variṣṭham tam
devam āpatantam samīkṣya abhyuvāca

93. Seeing that god, the foremost among bipeds, approaching with his discus raised, Bhishma, standing on his chariot, with a bow and arrows in his hands and without any fear, spoke.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Krishna) (him, that)

• आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching (approaching, falling down)

• प्रगृहीतचक्रम् (pragṛhītacakram) - holding a discus (raised) (holding a discus, discus-wielding)

• समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen, observing (having seen, after seeing, observing)

• देवम् (devam) - the god (Krishna) (god, divine being)

• द्विपदाम् (dvipadām) - among bipeds, among men (of bipeds, of two-footed beings, of men)

• वरिष्ठम् (variṣṭham) - the best, the foremost (most excellent, best, foremost)

• असंभ्रमात् (asaṁbhramāt) - fearlessly, without being agitated (without confusion, fearlessly, calmly)

• कार्मुकबाणपाणी (kārmukabāṇapāṇī) - with a bow and arrows in hand (having a bow and arrow in hand)

• रथे (rathe) - on his chariot (in the chariot)

• स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - standing (standing, situated, being)

• शांतनवः (śāṁtanavaḥ) - Bhishma (son of Shantanu, Bhishma)

• अभ्युवाच (abhyuvāca) - spoke (spoke, said)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Krishna) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching (approaching, falling down)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatat

āpatat - approaching, falling

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'pat' with upasarga 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'devam'.

प्रगृहीतचक्रम् (pragṛhītacakram) - holding a discus (raised) (holding a discus, discus-wielding)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pragṛhītacakra

pragṛhītacakra - holding a discus

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pragṛhīta+cakra)

• pragṛhīta – held, seized
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'grah' with upasarga 'pra'.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: grah (class 9)
• cakra – discus, wheel
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'devam'.

समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen, observing (having seen, after seeing, observing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root 'īkṣ' with upasarga 'sam'.

Prefix: sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

देवम् (devam) - the god (Krishna) (god, divine being)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of deva

deva - god, deity

द्विपदाम् (dvipadām) - among bipeds, among men (of bipeds, of two-footed beings, of men)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dvipada

dvipada - biped, two-footed being, man

Note: Used in a partitive sense with 'variṣṭham'.

वरिष्ठम् (variṣṭham) - the best, the foremost (most excellent, best, foremost)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of variṣṭha

variṣṭha - most excellent, best

Superlative degree of 'vara' (excellent).

Note: Qualifies 'devam'.

असंभ्रमात् (asaṁbhramāt) - fearlessly, without being agitated (without confusion, fearlessly, calmly)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of asaṃbhrama

asaṁbhrama - absence of confusion, fearlessness

Compound type : nah_tatpurusha (a+saṃbhrama)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• saṃbhrama – agitation, fear, confusion
  noun (masculine)
  From root bhram (to wander) with sam.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: bhram (class 1)

Note: Indicates cause or manner.

कार्मुकबाणपाणी (kārmukabāṇapāṇī) - with a bow and arrows in hand (having a bow and arrow in hand)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kārmukabāṇapāṇi

kārmukabāṇapāṇi - having a bow and arrow in hand

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kārmuka+bāṇa+pāṇi)

• kārmuka – bow
  noun (neuter)
• bāṇa – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• pāṇi – hand
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Bhishma (śāṃtanavaḥ). The long 'ī' in Nominative singular of adjectives ending in 'i' is found in some contexts, or 'pāṇin' base used.

रथे (rathe) - on his chariot (in the chariot)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - standing (standing, situated, being)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - stood, standing

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'sthā'.

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Bhishma (śāṃtanavaḥ).

शांतनवः (śāṁtanavaḥ) - Bhishma (son of Shantanu, Bhishma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śāṃtanava

śāṁtanava - son of Shantanu, Bhishma

Patronymic from Śāṃtanu.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

अभ्युवाच (abhyuvāca) - spoke (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of abhyuvāca

Perfect Active

From root 'vac' with upasarga 'abhi'.

Prefix: abhi

Root: vac (class 2)