महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-55, verse-68

द्रवते च महत्सैन्यं पाण्डवस्य महात्मनः ।
एते च कौरवास्तूर्णं प्रभग्नान्दृश्य सोमकान् ।
आद्रवन्ति रणे हृष्टा हर्षयन्तः पितामहम् ॥६८॥

68. dravate ca mahatsainyaṁ pāṇḍavasya mahātmanaḥ ,
ete ca kauravāstūrṇaṁ prabhagnāndṛśya somakān ,
ādravanti raṇe hṛṣṭā harṣayantaḥ pitāmaham.

68. dravate ca mahat sainyaṃ pāṇḍavasya
mahātmanaḥ ete ca kauravāḥ tūrṇaṃ
prabhagnān dṛśya somakān ādravanti
raṇe hṛṣṭāḥ harṣayantaḥ pitāmaham

68. mahat sainyaṃ mahātmanaḥ pāṇḍavasya
ca dravate ete kauravāḥ ca tūrṇaṃ
prabhagnān somakān dṛśya raṇe
hṛṣṭāḥ ādravanti pitāmaham harṣayantaḥ

68. And the great army of the magnanimous Pāṇḍava is fleeing. Moreover, these Kauravas, seeing the Somakas completely routed, rush joyfully into battle, thus gladdening their grandfather (Bhīṣma).

Words meanings summery:

• द्रवते (dravate) - is fleeing, melts away (flows, runs, flees, melts away)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, mighty

• सैन्यं (sainyaṁ) - army, host

• पाण्डवस्य (pāṇḍavasya) - of the Pāṇḍava, belonging to a Pāṇḍava

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled one, of the magnanimous one

• एते (ete) - these

• च (ca) - moreover (and, also, moreover)

• कौरवाः (kauravāḥ) - Kauravas

• तूर्णं (tūrṇaṁ) - quickly, swiftly

• प्रभग्नान् (prabhagnān) - completely routed (shattered, routed, broken)

• दृश्य (dṛśya) - having seen, seeing

• सोमकान् (somakān) - the Somakas

• आद्रवन्ति (ādravanti) - they rush towards, they attack

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

• हृष्टाः (hṛṣṭāḥ) - joyful (delighted, joyful, pleased)

• हर्षयन्तः (harṣayantaḥ) - gladdening, causing joy, exciting

• पितामहम् (pitāmaham) - Bhīṣma (the grandfather)

Words meanings and morphology

द्रवते (dravate) - is fleeing, melts away (flows, runs, flees, melts away)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of dru

Present middle 3rd singular

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'sainyaṃ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

महत् (mahat) - great, large, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

Root √mah (to be great).

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'sainyaṃ'.

सैन्यं (sainyaṁ) - army, host

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, host, military force

Derived from senā (army).

पाण्डवस्य (pāṇḍavasya) - of the Pāṇḍava, belonging to a Pāṇḍava

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava

Patronymic from Pāṇḍu.

Note: Possessive, modifies 'sainyaṃ'.

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled one, of the magnanimous one

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, magnanimous, noble-minded, great person (mahātman)

Bahuvrīhi compound of mahat (great) and ātman (soul, self).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective (neuter)
  Root: mah (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'pāṇḍavasya'.

एते (ete) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these (proximal demonstrative pronoun)

च (ca) - moreover (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

कौरवाः (kauravāḥ) - Kauravas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kaurava

kaurava - descendant of Kuru, a Kaurava

Patronymic from Kuru.

Note: Subject of 'ādravanti'.

तूर्णं (tūrṇaṁ) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle of √tur (to hasten). Used adverbially here.

Root: tur (class 1)

प्रभग्नान् (prabhagnān) - completely routed (shattered, routed, broken)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prabhagna

prabhagna - broken, shattered, routed, defeated

Past Passive Participle

From prefix pra + root √bhañj (to break).

Prefix: pra

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Object of 'dṛśya'.

दृश्य (dṛśya) - having seen, seeing

(indeclinable participle)

सोमकान् (somakān) - the Somakas

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of somaka

somaka - name of a warrior clan allied with the Pāṇḍavas

Note: Object of 'dṛśya'.

आद्रवन्ति (ādravanti) - they rush towards, they attack

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of dru

Present active 3rd plural

From prefix ā + root √dru.

Prefix: ā

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'kauravāḥ'.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat, conflict

From root √raṇ (to sound, to rejoice, to fight).

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Indicates location.

हृष्टाः (hṛṣṭāḥ) - joyful (delighted, joyful, pleased)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hṛṣṭa

hṛṣṭa - delighted, joyful, pleased, excited

Past Passive Participle

From root √hṛṣ (to be excited, glad).

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Adjective describing the Kauravas.

हर्षयन्तः (harṣayantaḥ) - gladdening, causing joy, exciting

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of harṣayat

harṣayat - gladdening, exciting, making joyful

Present Active Participle (Causative)

From causative stem harṣaya- of √hṛṣ (to be glad).

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Describes the action of the Kauravas.

पितामहम् (pitāmaham) - Bhīṣma (the grandfather)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather, an epithet for Brahmā or Bhīṣma

Compound of pitṛ (father) and maha (great, noble).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pitṛ+maha)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• maha – great, noble
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Object of 'harṣayantaḥ'.