महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-55, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
प्रतिज्ञाते तु भीष्मेण तस्मिन्युद्धे सुदारुणे ।
क्रोधितो मम पुत्रेण दुःखितेन विशेषतः ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
pratijñāte tu bhīṣmeṇa tasminyuddhe sudāruṇe ,
krodhito mama putreṇa duḥkhitena viśeṣataḥ.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca pratijñāte tu bhīṣmeṇa tasmin yuddhe
sudāruṇe krodhitaḥ mama putreṇa duḥkhitena viśeṣataḥ

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca tu tasmin sudāruṇe yuddhe bhīṣmeṇa
pratijñāte mama putreṇa viśeṣataḥ duḥkhitena krodhitaḥ

1. Dhritarashtra said: "But when Bhishma had made his vow in that exceedingly terrible war, and when my son, particularly distressed, had angered him—

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - The blind king of Hastinapura, father of the Kauravas. (Dhritarashtra)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• प्रतिज्ञाते (pratijñāte) - in the context of a vow made by Bhishma (when pledged, when vowed, when promised)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• भीष्मेण (bhīṣmeṇa) - by Bhishma

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in war, in battle

• सुदारुणे (sudāruṇe) - exceedingly terrible, very dreadful

• क्रोधितः (krodhitaḥ) - angered, enraged

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• पुत्रेण (putreṇa) - by Dhritarashtra's son (Duryodhana) (by the son)

• दुःखितेन (duḥkhitena) - by the distressed, by the sorrowful

• विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially, particularly, specifically

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - The blind king of Hastinapura, father of the Kauravas. (Dhritarashtra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Upholder of the kingdom; Dhritarashtra (proper name)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, maintained
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhṛ (to hold, bear)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, country, realm
  noun (neuter)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Tense

Reduplicated perfect, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

प्रतिज्ञाते (pratijñāte) - in the context of a vow made by Bhishma (when pledged, when vowed, when promised)

(participle)

Locative, neuter, singular of pratijñāta

pratijñāta - promised, pledged, agreed upon

Past Passive Participle

From root jñā with upasarga prati

Prefix: prati

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

भीष्मेण (bhīṣmeṇa) - by Bhishma

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (proper name)

Note: Agent in locative absolute construction

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to yuddhe

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in war, in battle

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - war, battle, fight

From root yudh

Root: yudh (class 4)

सुदारुणे (sudāruṇe) - exceedingly terrible, very dreadful

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of sudāruṇa

sudāruṇa - exceedingly dreadful, very terrible

Compound with intensifier su-

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (su+dāruṇa)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• dāruṇa – terrible, dreadful, severe
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Agrees with yuddhe

क्रोधितः (krodhitaḥ) - angered, enraged

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of krodhita

krodhita - angered, enraged, wrathful

Past Passive Participle

From root krudh

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Refers to Bhishma (implied)

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of mad

mad - I, me

First person pronoun

Note: Possessive adjective for putreṇa

पुत्रेण (putreṇa) - by Dhritarashtra's son (Duryodhana) (by the son)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

Note: Agent of krodhitaḥ

दुःखितेन (duḥkhitena) - by the distressed, by the sorrowful

(participle)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - distressed, sorrowful, unhappy

Past Passive Participle

From the root duḥkh (to suffer, grieve)

Root: duḥkh

Note: Adjective for putreṇa

विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially, particularly, specifically

(indeclinable)

Formed with the suffix -tas