महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-55, verse-40

प्रभज्यमानं तत्सैन्यं दृष्ट्वा देवकिनन्दनः ।
उवाच पार्थं बीभत्सुं निगृह्य रथमुत्तमम् ॥४०॥

40. prabhajyamānaṁ tatsainyaṁ dṛṣṭvā devakinandanaḥ ,
uvāca pārthaṁ bībhatsuṁ nigṛhya rathamuttamam.

40. prabhajyamānam tat sainyam dṛṣṭvā devakinandanaḥ
uvāca pārtham bībhatsum nigṛhya ratham uttamam

40. devakinandanaḥ tat sainyam prabhajyamānam dṛṣṭvā
uttamam ratham nigṛhya bībhatsum pārtham uvāca

40. Having witnessed that army being routed, Krishna (Devakīnandana), halting the excellent chariot, addressed Arjuna (Pārtha), who was known as Bibhatsu.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रभज्यमानम् (prabhajyamānam) - being routed, being broken, being defeated

• तत् (tat) - that

• सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army, host

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• देवकिनन्दनः (devakinandanaḥ) - Krishna, the charioteer of Arjuna (son of Devaki, Krishna)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - to Arjuna, son of Pṛthā (to Partha, to Arjuna)

• बीभत्सुम् (bībhatsum) - to Arjuna, known as Bibhatsu (one who abhors vile deeds) (to Bibhatsu (epithet of Arjuna))

• निगृह्य (nigṛhya) - having stopped (the chariot) (having restrained, having stopped, having held back)

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, best, highest

Words meanings and morphology

प्रभज्यमानम् (prabhajyamānam) - being routed, being broken, being defeated

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prabhajyamāna

prabhajyamāna - being broken, being defeated, being routed

Present Passive Participle

Present Passive Participle of √bhañj (to break) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: bhañj (class 7)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army, host

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, host, forces

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form from √dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

देवकिनन्दनः (devakinandanaḥ) - Krishna, the charioteer of Arjuna (son of Devaki, Krishna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of devakinandana

devakinandana - son of Devaki, Krishna

Compound type : tatpurusha (devakī+nandana)

• devakī – Devaki (mother of Krishna)
  proper noun (feminine)
• nandana – son, delight, child
  noun (masculine)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of √vac

Perfect Active

Perfect, 3rd person, singular, active voice of √vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

पार्थम् (pārtham) - to Arjuna, son of Pṛthā (to Partha, to Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna

बीभत्सुम् (bībhatsum) - to Arjuna, known as Bibhatsu (one who abhors vile deeds) (to Bibhatsu (epithet of Arjuna))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bībhatsu

bībhatsu - hater of vile deeds, loathsome, disgusting; an epithet of Arjuna

निगृह्य (nigṛhya) - having stopped (the chariot) (having restrained, having stopped, having held back)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form from √grah (to seize) with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: grah (class 9)

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, best, highest

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of uttama

uttama - highest, best, excellent, principal