महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-55, verse-8

काञ्चनेषु तनुत्रेषु किरीटेषु ध्वजेषु च ।
शिलानामिव शैलेषु पतितानामभूत्स्वनः ॥८॥

8. kāñcaneṣu tanutreṣu kirīṭeṣu dhvajeṣu ca ,
śilānāmiva śaileṣu patitānāmabhūtsvanaḥ.

8. kāñcaneṣu tanutreṣu kirīṭeṣu dhvajeṣu ca
śilānām iva śaileṣu patitānām abhūt svanaḥ

8. kāñcaneṣu tanutreṣu kirīṭeṣu dhvajeṣu ca
śilānām śaileṣu patitānām iva svanaḥ abhūt

8. A sound like rocks falling on mountains arose from impacts on the golden armors, helmets, and banners.

Words meanings summery:

• काञ्चनेषु (kāñcaneṣu) - on the golden (on golden, in golden)

• तनुत्रेषु (tanutreṣu) - on armors (in armors, on body-protections)

• किरीटेषु (kirīṭeṣu) - on helmets (on helmets, on crowns)

• ध्वजेषु (dhvajeṣu) - on banners (on banners, on flags)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• शिलानाम् (śilānām) - of rocks (of stones, of rocks)

• इव (iva) - like, as if (like, as if, as)

• शैलेषु (śaileṣu) - on mountains (on mountains, on rocky places)

• पतितानाम् (patitānām) - of falling (rocks) (of those fallen, of falling, of fallen ones)

• अभूत् (abhūt) - arose, there was (was, became, happened, arose)

• स्वनः (svanaḥ) - sound, noise (sound, noise, roar)

Words meanings and morphology

काञ्चनेषु (kāñcaneṣu) - on the golden (on golden, in golden)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, plural of kāñcana

kāñcana - golden, made of gold, relating to gold

Derived from 'kañcana' (gold).

Note: Agrees with 'tanutreṣu' and implicitly with 'kirīṭeṣu' and 'dhvajeṣu'.

तनुत्रेषु (tanutreṣu) - on armors (in armors, on body-protections)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of tanutra

tanutra - body-protection, armor, shield

Compound formed from 'tanu' (body) and the suffix '-tra' (meaning protector or instrument).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tanu+tra)

• tanu – body, person, form
  noun (feminine)
• tra – protecting, saving (suffix); an instrument for protection
  suffix/noun (neuter)
  Suffix -tra, often derived from the root trai (to protect).
  Root: trai (class 1)

किरीटेषु (kirīṭeṣu) - on helmets (on helmets, on crowns)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of kirīṭa

kirīṭa - diadem, crown, helmet

ध्वजेषु (dhvajeṣu) - on banners (on banners, on flags)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of dhvaja

dhvaja - flag, banner, standard, emblem

Derived from the root dhvaj (to move, to be unsteady).

Root: dhvaj (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction, typically placed after the word it connects.

शिलानाम् (śilānām) - of rocks (of stones, of rocks)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of śilā

śilā - stone, rock, slab

Note: Refers to the rocks that are falling, as part of the simile.

इव (iva) - like, as if (like, as if, as)

(indeclinable)

Particle indicating comparison.

शैलेषु (śaileṣu) - on mountains (on mountains, on rocky places)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of śaila

śaila - rocky, mountainous, mountain, rock

Derived from 'śilā' (stone).

Note: Indicates the location where the rocks are falling, for the simile.

पतितानाम् (patitānām) - of falling (rocks) (of those fallen, of falling, of fallen ones)

(adjective)

Genitive, feminine, plural of patita

patita - fallen, descended, dropped, cast down

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root pat (to fall).

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'śilānām' (feminine plural genitive). Describes the state of the rocks.

अभूत् (abhūt) - arose, there was (was, became, happened, arose)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past aorist (luṅ) of bhū

Aorist, Parasmaipada, 3rd Person Singular

Root bhū (to be), 1st class, aorist tense (luṅ lakāra). Indicates a sudden or simple past action.

Root: bhū (class 1)

स्वनः (svanaḥ) - sound, noise (sound, noise, roar)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svana

svana - sound, noise, roar, rustling

Derived from the root svan (to sound).

Root: svan (class 1)

Note: Subject of the verb 'abhūt'.