महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-55, verse-51

वासुदेवस्त्वसंभ्रान्तो धैर्यमास्थाय सत्त्ववान् ।
चोदयामास तानश्वान्वितुन्नान्भीष्मसायकैः ॥५१॥

51. vāsudevastvasaṁbhrānto dhairyamāsthāya sattvavān ,
codayāmāsa tānaśvānvitunnānbhīṣmasāyakaiḥ.

51. vāsudevaḥ tu asaṃbhrāntaḥ dhairyam āsthāya sattvavān
codayāmāsa tān aśvān vitunnān bhīṣmasāyakaiḥ

51. tu vāsudevaḥ asaṃbhrāntaḥ sattvavān dhairyam
āsthāya tān bhīṣmasāyakaiḥ vitunnān aśvān codayāmāsa

51. But Vasudeva (Krishna), remaining undisturbed and endowed with great courage, calmly urged those horses onward, even though they were pierced by Bhishma's arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• वासुदेवः (vāsudevaḥ) - Krishna (son of Vasudeva (Krishna))

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• असंभ्रान्तः (asaṁbhrāntaḥ) - undisturbed (undisturbed, unperplexed, calm, tranquil)

• धैर्यम् (dhairyam) - fortitude (firmness, courage, fortitude, steadfastness)

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having adopted (having stood on, having resorted to, having adopted)

• सत्त्ववान् (sattvavān) - endowed with great courage (possessing inner strength, courageous, virtuous, resolute)

• चोदयामास (codayāmāsa) - he urged (he urged, impelled, drove)

• तान् (tān) - those (horses) (those)

• अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

• वितुन्नान् (vitunnān) - pierced (pierced, wounded, tormented)

• भीष्मसायकैः (bhīṣmasāyakaiḥ) - by Bhishma's arrows

Words meanings and morphology

वासुदेवः (vāsudevaḥ) - Krishna (son of Vasudeva (Krishna))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāsudeva

vāsudeva - son of Vasudeva, Krishna

Note: Subject of the sentence.

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

असंभ्रान्तः (asaṁbhrāntaḥ) - undisturbed (undisturbed, unperplexed, calm, tranquil)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asaṃbhrānta

asaṁbhrānta - undisturbed, unperplexed, calm

Past Passive Participle (negated)

Formed by 'a-' (negation) + 'saṃbhrānta' (confused, agitated, from √bhram 'to wander' with sam-).

Compound type : nan-tatpurusha (a+saṃbhrānta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• saṃbhrānta – agitated, perplexed, confused
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From verb root √bhram 'to wander, be confused' with prefix sam-.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: bhram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'vāsudevaḥ'.

धैर्यम् (dhairyam) - fortitude (firmness, courage, fortitude, steadfastness)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhairya

dhairya - firmness, courage, fortitude, steadfastness

Derived from 'dhīra' (firm, steady).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having adopted (having stood on, having resorted to, having adopted)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root √sthā (to stand) with prefix ā-, suffix -ya (for compound verbs).

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Forms an adverbial phrase.

सत्त्ववान् (sattvavān) - endowed with great courage (possessing inner strength, courageous, virtuous, resolute)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sattvavat

sattvavat - possessing inner strength/courage/goodness/reality, strong, virtuous

Formed from 'sattva' (being, essence, strength, goodness) with possessive suffix -vat.

Note: Agrees with 'vāsudevaḥ'.

चोदयामास (codayāmāsa) - he urged (he urged, impelled, drove)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of √cud

Perfect (Lit), Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

Causative formation of √cud.

Root: cud (class 10)

तान् (tān) - those (horses) (those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'aśvān'.

अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

वितुन्नान् (vitunnān) - pierced (pierced, wounded, tormented)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vitunna

vitunna - pierced, wounded, tormented

Past Passive Participle

From root √tud (to pierce, strike) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: tud (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'aśvān'.

भीष्मसायकैः (bhīṣmasāyakaiḥ) - by Bhishma's arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhīṣmasāyaka

bhīṣmasāyaka - Bhishma's arrow, an arrow of Bhishma

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhīṣma+sāyaka)

• bhīṣma – Bhishma
  proper noun (masculine)
• sāyaka – arrow
  noun (masculine)
  From root √si (to bind, cast) with suffix -aka.
  Root: si (class 4)

Note: Indicates the agent of piercing.