महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-55, verse-106

तं कौरवाणामधिपो बलेन भीष्मेण भूरिश्रवसा च सार्धम् ।
अभ्युद्ययावुद्यतबाणपाणिः कक्षं दिधक्षन्निव धूमकेतुः ॥१०६॥

106. taṁ kauravāṇāmadhipo balena; bhīṣmeṇa bhūriśravasā ca sārdham ,
abhyudyayāvudyatabāṇapāṇiḥ; kakṣaṁ didhakṣanniva dhūmaketuḥ.

106. tam kauravāṇām adhipaḥ balena
bhīṣmeṇa bhūriśravasā ca sārdham
| abhyudyayau udyatabāṇapāṇiḥ
kakṣam didhakṣan iva dhūmaketūḥ

106. kauravāṇām adhipaḥ balena bhīṣmeṇa
bhūriśravasā ca sārdham
tam abhyudyayau udyatabāṇapāṇiḥ
dhūmaketūḥ kakṣam didhakṣan iva

106. The chief of the Kauravas, Duryodhana, along with Bala, Bhishma, and Bhurishravas, advanced towards him (Arjuna). With an arrow raised in his hand, he was like a comet eager to consume a forest.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - Arjuna (him)

• कौरवाणाम् (kauravāṇām) - of the Kauravas

• अधिपः (adhipaḥ) - Duryodhana (the chief of the Kauravas) (lord, chief, ruler)

• बलेन (balena) - with Bala (a specific person, likely Duryodhana's brother) (with Bala)

• भीष्मेण (bhīṣmeṇa) - with Bhishma

• भूरिश्रवसा (bhūriśravasā) - with Bhurishravas

• च (ca) - and

• सार्धम् (sārdham) - with, together with

• अभ्युद्ययौ (abhyudyayau) - advanced, moved towards

• उद्यतबाणपाणिः (udyatabāṇapāṇiḥ) - with a raised arrow in hand

• कक्षम् (kakṣam) - forest, thicket, dry wood

• दिधक्षन् (didhakṣan) - desiring to burn, wishing to consume

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• धूमकेतूः (dhūmaketūḥ) - comet (literally 'smoke-bannered')

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - Arjuna (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कौरवाणाम् (kauravāṇām) - of the Kauravas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kaurava

kaurava - descendant of Kuru, a Kaurava

Derived from Kuru with suffix 'aṇ'.

अधिपः (adhipaḥ) - Duryodhana (the chief of the Kauravas) (lord, chief, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adhipa

adhipa - ruler, chief, lord, king

Derived from 'adhi' (over) + 'pā' (to protect/rule).

Prefix: adhi

Root: pā (class 2)

बलेन (balena) - with Bala (a specific person, likely Duryodhana's brother) (with Bala)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force; or the proper name Bala

भीष्मेण (bhīṣmeṇa) - with Bhishma

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (proper name)

भूरिश्रवसा (bhūriśravasā) - with Bhurishravas

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhūriśravas

bhūriśravas - Bhurishravas (proper name)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सार्धम् (sārdham) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

Note: Governs the instrumental case.

अभ्युद्ययौ (abhyudyayau) - advanced, moved towards

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (Lit) of abhyudyā

Perfect active

Root 'yā' with prefixes 'abhi' and 'ud'.

Prefixes: abhi+ud

Root: yā (class 2)

उद्यतबाणपाणिः (udyatabāṇapāṇiḥ) - with a raised arrow in hand

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udyatabāṇapāṇi

udyatabāṇapāṇi - one whose arrow is raised in hand

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (udyata+bāṇa+pāṇi)

• udyata – raised, lifted, prepared
  participle (adjective) (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'yam' (to restrain/raise) with prefix 'ud'.
  Prefix: ud
  Root: yam (class 1)
• bāṇa – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• pāṇi – hand
  noun (masculine)

कक्षम् (kakṣam) - forest, thicket, dry wood

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kakṣa

kakṣa - forest, thicket, dry wood; armpit; side

दिधक्षन् (didhakṣan) - desiring to burn, wishing to consume

(participle (adjective))

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

धूमकेतूः (dhūmaketūḥ) - comet (literally 'smoke-bannered')

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhūmaketu

dhūmaketu - comet; fire with smoke as a banner

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhūma+ketu)

• dhūma – smoke
  noun (masculine)
• ketu – banner, flag, sign; also a name of a planet/demigod
  noun (masculine)