महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-55, verse-80

तान्वासवानन्तरजो निशम्य नरेन्द्रमुख्यान्द्रवतः समन्तात् ।
पार्थस्य दृष्ट्वा मृदुयुद्धतां च भीष्मं च संख्ये समुदीर्यमाणम् ॥८०॥

80. tānvāsavānantarajo niśamya; narendramukhyāndravataḥ samantāt ,
pārthasya dṛṣṭvā mṛduyuddhatāṁ ca; bhīṣmaṁ ca saṁkhye samudīryamāṇam.

80. tān vāsavānantarajah niśamya
narendramukhyān dravataḥ samantāt
pārthasya dṛṣṭvā mṛduyuddhatām ca
bhīṣmam ca saṃkhye samudīryamāṇam

80. vāsavānantarajaḥ tān narendramukhyān samantāt dravataḥ niśamya,
pārthasya mṛduyuddhatām ca saṃkhye samudīryamāṇam bhīṣmam ca dṛṣṭvā (implied next action).

80. Arjuna (the younger brother of Vāsava, or Indra's successor), having observed those chief kings fleeing from all sides, and having seen his own gentleness in battle and Bhīṣma's intense fighting in the combat...

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - those

• वासवानन्तरजह् (vāsavānantarajah) - Arjuna, as the son of Indra (who is also known as Vāsava), is referred to here. (the younger brother of Vāsava (Indra), Arjuna)

• निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, having observed, having perceived

• नरेन्द्रमुख्यान् (narendramukhyān) - chief among kings, leading warriors

• द्रवतः (dravataḥ) - fleeing, running away

• समन्तात् (samantāt) - from all sides, all around, entirely

• पार्थस्य (pārthasya) - of Arjuna, son of Pṛthā (Kuntī). (of Pārtha (Arjuna))

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• मृदुयुद्धताम् (mṛduyuddhatām) - gentleness in battle, laxity in fighting

• च (ca) - and, also

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma, the grand-uncle of the Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas, commander of the Kuru army. (Bhīṣma)

• च (ca) - and, also

• संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle, in combat

• समुदीर्यमाणम् (samudīryamāṇam) - being strongly impelled, being active, flourishing, being proclaimed

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वासवानन्तरजह् (vāsavānantarajah) - Arjuna, as the son of Indra (who is also known as Vāsava), is referred to here. (the younger brother of Vāsava (Indra), Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāsavānantarāja

vāsavānantarāja - younger brother of Vāsava (Indra); Arjuna

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāsava+anantara+ja)

• vāsava – Indra (name of a deity)
  proper noun (masculine)
• anantara – next, immediate, contiguous
  adjective
• ja – born from, produced from
  suffix
  suffix indicating 'born from'
  Root: jan (class 4)

निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, having observed, having perceived

(indeclinable)

absolutive / gerund

from root śam 'to be calm' (here: to hear, perceive) with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 1)

नरेन्द्रमुख्यान् (narendramukhyān) - chief among kings, leading warriors

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of narendramukhya

narendramukhya - chief among kings, leading kings/warriors

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (narendra+mukhya)

• narendra – king, lord of men
  noun (masculine)
• mukhya – chief, principal, foremost
  adjective

द्रवतः (dravataḥ) - fleeing, running away

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dravat

dravat - running, fleeing, flowing

Present Active Participle

from root dru 'to run'

Root: dru (class 1)

समन्तात् (samantāt) - from all sides, all around, entirely

(indeclinable)

पार्थस्य (pārthasya) - of Arjuna, son of Pṛthā (Kuntī). (of Pārtha (Arjuna))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī); Arjuna

patronymic from Pṛthā

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive / gerund

from root dṛś 'to see'

Root: dṛś (class 1)

मृदुयुद्धताम् (mṛduyuddhatām) - gentleness in battle, laxity in fighting

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mṛduyuddhatā

mṛduyuddhatā - gentleness in fighting, laxity in battle

abstract noun from mṛduyuddha

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mṛdu+yuddha+tā)

• mṛdu – soft, gentle, mild
  adjective
• yuddha – battle, fight, war
  noun (neuter)
• tā – suffix forming abstract nouns
  suffix (feminine)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma, the grand-uncle of the Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas, commander of the Kuru army. (Bhīṣma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (proper name), terrible, formidable

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃkhya

saṁkhya - battle, combat, war

समुदीर्यमाणम् (samudīryamāṇam) - being strongly impelled, being active, flourishing, being proclaimed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samudīryamāṇa

samudīryamāṇa - being strongly impelled, being active, flourishing, being exalted/proclaimed

Present Middle Participle

from root īr 'to move, to stir' with prefixes sam + ud

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: īr (class 1)