महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-55, verse-121

ततः शरौघैर्निशितैः किरीटिना नृदेहशस्त्रक्षतलोहितोदा ।
नदी सुघोरा नरदेहफेना प्रवर्तिता तत्र रणाजिरे वै ॥१२१॥

121. tataḥ śaraughairniśitaiḥ kirīṭinā; nṛdehaśastrakṣatalohitodā ,
nadī sughorā naradehaphenā; pravartitā tatra raṇājire vai.

121. tataḥ śaraughaiḥ niśitaiḥ kirīṭinā nṛdehaśastrakṣatalohitodā
nadī sughorā naradehaphenā pravartitā tatra raṇājire vai

121. tataḥ kirīṭinā niśitaiḥ śaraughaiḥ nṛdehaśastrakṣatalohitodā
naradehaphenā sughorā nadī tatra raṇājire vai pravartitā

121. Then, on that battlefield, Arjuna (kirīṭinā), with his sharp showers of arrows, caused a very dreadful river to flow. Its waters were the blood from wounds inflicted by weapons on human bodies, and human bodies themselves formed its foam.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - thence, then, afterwards, therefore

• शरौघैः (śaraughaiḥ) - by multitudes of arrows, by showers of arrows

• निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - by the sharpened ones, by the whetted ones, by the sharp ones

• किरीटिना (kirīṭinā) - by Arjuna (by the one wearing a diadem, by the crowned one)

• नृदेहशस्त्रक्षतलोहितोदा (nṛdehaśastrakṣatalohitodā) - having blood from wounds inflicted by weapons on human bodies as its water

• नदी (nadī) - river

• सुघोरा (sughorā) - very dreadful, extremely terrifying

• नरदेहफेना (naradehaphenā) - having human bodies as its foam

• प्रवर्तिता (pravartitā) - caused to flow, set in motion, created

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• रणाजिरे (raṇājire) - on the battlefield, in the arena of battle

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, surely

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - thence, then, afterwards, therefore

(indeclinable)

शरौघैः (śaraughaiḥ) - by multitudes of arrows, by showers of arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śaraugha

śaraugha - multitude of arrows, shower of arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+ogha)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• ogha – multitude, flood, stream
  noun (masculine)

निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - by the sharpened ones, by the whetted ones, by the sharp ones

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niśita

niśita - sharpened, whetted, sharp

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śo (to sharpen) with prefix ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: śo

किरीटिना (kirīṭinā) - by Arjuna (by the one wearing a diadem, by the crowned one)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kirīṭin

kirīṭin - wearing a diadem/crown, crowned

नृदेहशस्त्रक्षतलोहितोदा (nṛdehaśastrakṣatalohitodā) - having blood from wounds inflicted by weapons on human bodies as its water

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nṛdehaśastrakṣatalohitodā

nṛdehaśastrakṣatalohitodā - having blood from wounds inflicted by weapons on human bodies as its water

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nṛdeha+śastra+kṣata+lohita+uda)

• nṛdeha – human body
  noun (masculine)
• śastra – weapon, instrument
  noun (neuter)
• kṣata – wound, injury
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root kṣan (to hurt).
  Root: kṣan
• lohita – blood; red
  noun (neuter)
• uda – water
  noun (neuter)

नदी (nadī) - river

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river

सुघोरा (sughorā) - very dreadful, extremely terrifying

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sughorā

sughorā - very dreadful, extremely terrifying

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+ghora)

• su – good, very, excellent
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating intensity or excellence.
• ghora – dreadful, terrible, fierce
  adjective (masculine)

नरदेहफेना (naradehaphenā) - having human bodies as its foam

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of naradehaphenā

naradehaphenā - having human bodies as its foam

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (naradeha+phena)

• naradeha – human body
  noun (masculine)
• phena – foam, froth
  noun (masculine)

प्रवर्तिता (pravartitā) - caused to flow, set in motion, created

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pravartitā

pravartita - caused to flow, set in motion, created

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛt (to turn, to exist) with prefix pra and causative suffix i, then P.P.P.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

रणाजिरे (raṇājire) - on the battlefield, in the arena of battle

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of raṇājira

raṇājira - battlefield, arena of battle

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (raṇa+ajira)

• raṇa – battle, conflict
  noun (masculine)
• ajira – courtyard, arena, battlefield
  noun (neuter)

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, surely

(indeclinable)