महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-55, verse-5

प्रावर्तत ततो युद्धं तुमुलं लोमहर्षणम् ।
अस्माकं पाण्डवैः सार्धमनयात्तव भारत ॥५॥

5. prāvartata tato yuddhaṁ tumulaṁ lomaharṣaṇam ,
asmākaṁ pāṇḍavaiḥ sārdhamanayāttava bhārata.

5. prāvartata tataḥ yuddham tumulam lomaharṣaṇam
asmākam pāṇḍavaiḥ sārdham anayāt tava bhārata

5. bhārata tataḥ tava anayāt asmākam pāṇḍavaiḥ
sārdham tumulam lomaharṣaṇam yuddham prāvartata

5. O Bhārata, a tumultuous, hair-raising battle then commenced between us and the Pāṇḍavas, caused by your misconduct.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रावर्तत (prāvartata) - commenced (began, commenced, arose)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter (thence, then, thereafter)

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle (battle, war, fight)

• तुमुलम् (tumulam) - tumultuous, fierce (tumultuous, agitated, fierce, dreadful)

• लोमहर्षणम् (lomaharṣaṇam) - hair-raising, horrifying (hair-raising, causing goosebumps, horrifying)

• अस्माकम् (asmākam) - of us (the Kauravas, from Dhṛtarāṣṭra's perspective) (our, of us)

• पाण्डवैः (pāṇḍavaiḥ) - with the Pāṇḍavas (by the Pāṇḍavas, with the Pāṇḍavas)

• सार्धम् (sārdham) - along with (with, together with, along with)

• अनयात् (anayāt) - due to misconduct (from misconduct, due to impropriety, from misgovernment)

• तव (tava) - your (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's) (your, of you)

• भारत (bhārata) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (as a descendant of Bharata) (O descendant of Bharata, O Indian)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रावर्तत (prāvartata) - commenced (began, commenced, arose)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pra-vṛt

Imperfect, Ātmanepada, 3rd Person Singular

Root vṛt (to turn, exist) with the prefix pra. Imperfect tense (laṅ lakāra) denotes a past continuous or uncompleted action.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter (thence, then, thereafter)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form indicating sequence in time.

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle (battle, war, fight)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root yudh (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Functions as the subject of the verb prāvartata.

तुमुलम् (tumulam) - tumultuous, fierce (tumultuous, agitated, fierce, dreadful)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tumula

tumula - tumultuous, agitated, dreadful, noisy, fierce

Note: Agrees in gender, number, and case with 'yuddham'.

लोमहर्षणम् (lomaharṣaṇam) - hair-raising, horrifying (hair-raising, causing goosebumps, horrifying)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of lomaharṣaṇa

lomaharṣaṇa - hair-raising, thrilling, dreadful, causing the hair to stand on end

Compound noun acting as an adjective. Formed from 'loman' (hair) and 'harṣaṇa' (causing bristling/excitement).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (loman+harṣaṇa)

• loman – hair, down, wool
  noun (neuter)
• harṣaṇa – causing joy, thrilling, exciting, bristling
  adjective (neuter)
  Derived from root hṛṣ (to bristle, rejoice) with suffix -ana.
  Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees in gender, number, and case with 'yuddham'.

अस्माकम् (asmākam) - of us (the Kauravas, from Dhṛtarāṣṭra's perspective) (our, of us)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person pronoun.

Note: Indicates possession or relation, here referring to the side of the speaker (Dhṛtarāṣṭra/Sañjaya relating the Kaurava perspective).

पाण्डवैः (pāṇḍavaiḥ) - with the Pāṇḍavas (by the Pāṇḍavas, with the Pāṇḍavas)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu

Patronymic derived from Pāṇḍu, referring to the five Pāṇḍava brothers.

Note: Used with 'sārdham' to indicate accompaniment.

सार्धम् (sārdham) - along with (with, together with, along with)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial particle indicating accompaniment, typically used with the instrumental case.

अनयात् (anayāt) - due to misconduct (from misconduct, due to impropriety, from misgovernment)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of anaya

anaya - misconduct, misrule, impropriety, bad policy, misfortune

Compound formed from 'a' (negation) and 'naya' (policy, conduct).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+naya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negating prefix.
• naya – policy, conduct, guidance, rule
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root nī (to lead).
  Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Indicates the cause or reason for the battle.

तव (tava) - your (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's) (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yusmad

yusmad - you (singular/plural)

Second person pronoun.

Note: Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra, to whom Sañjaya is speaking, implying his responsibility for the 'anaya'.

भारत (bhārata) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (as a descendant of Bharata) (O descendant of Bharata, O Indian)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, Indian

Patronymic derived from Bharata, used as a vocative address for Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

Note: A common epithet used in the Mahābhārata when addressing characters of the Bharata lineage.