महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-55, verse-7

तिष्ठ स्थितोऽस्मि विद्ध्येनं निवर्तस्व स्थिरो भव ।
स्थितोऽस्मि प्रहरस्वेति शब्दाः श्रूयन्त सर्वशः ॥७॥

7. tiṣṭha sthito'smi viddhyenaṁ nivartasva sthiro bhava ,
sthito'smi praharasveti śabdāḥ śrūyanta sarvaśaḥ.

7. tiṣṭha sthitaḥ asmi viddhi enam nivartasva sthiraḥ bhava
sthitaḥ asmi praharasva iti śabdāḥ śrūyante sarvaśaḥ

7. sarvaśaḥ tiṣṭha sthitaḥ asmi viddhi enam nivartasva
sthiraḥ bhava sthitaḥ asmi praharasva iti śabdāḥ śrūyante

7. Words like 'Stand!', 'I am ready!', 'Strike him!', 'Retreat!', 'Be firm!', 'I am ready!', and 'Strike!' were heard everywhere.

Words meanings summery:

• तिष्ठ (tiṣṭha) - Stand (still)! (stand, stop, remain)

• स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - standing (ready) (stood, standing, firm, ready, placed)

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• विद्धि (viddhi) - strike him! (know, understand, perceive, strike, pierce)

• एनम् (enam) - him (the opponent) (him, this one, that one)

• निवर्तस्व (nivartasva) - retreat! (turn back, retreat, cease)

• स्थिरः (sthiraḥ) - firm, steady (firm, steady, constant, immovable)

• भव (bhava) - be, remain (be, become, exist)

• स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - standing (ready) (stood, standing, firm, ready, placed)

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• प्रहरस्व (praharasva) - strike! (strike, attack, deal a blow)

• इति (iti) - thus (indicating quoted speech) (thus, so, in this way)

• शब्दाः (śabdāḥ) - words, shouts (sounds, words, noises)

• श्रूयन्ते (śrūyante) - were heard (are heard, are listened to)

• सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - everywhere, from all sides (everywhere, completely, in every way)

Words meanings and morphology

तिष्ठ (tiṣṭha) - Stand (still)! (stand, stop, remain)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of sthā

Imperative, Parasmaipada, 2nd Person Singular

Root sthā (to stand), 1st class (tiṣṭhati group), imperative mood (loṭ lakāra).

Root: sthā (class 1)

स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - standing (ready) (stood, standing, firm, ready, placed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - stood, standing, firm, present, ready, fixed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root sthā (to stand).

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Used predicatively with 'asmi'.

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present, Parasmaipada, 1st Person Singular

Root as (to be), 2nd class, present tense (laṭ lakāra).

Root: as (class 2)

विद्धि (viddhi) - strike him! (know, understand, perceive, strike, pierce)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vidh / vid

Imperative, Parasmaipada, 2nd Person Singular

This form 'viddhi' can come from either root 'vid' (to know, 2nd class) or 'vidh' (to pierce, strike, 6th class). In a battle context, 'strike him' (from vidh) is more appropriate than 'know him'.

Root: vidh (class 6)

एनम् (enam) - him (the opponent) (him, this one, that one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of enad

enad - this, that (referring to a preceding or following person/thing), him/her/it

Demonstrative pronoun, used as an object.

Note: Object of the verb 'viddhi'.

निवर्तस्व (nivartasva) - retreat! (turn back, retreat, cease)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of ni-vṛt

Imperative, Ātmanepada, 2nd Person Singular

Root vṛt (to turn, exist) with the prefix ni. Imperative mood (loṭ lakāra), ātmanepada (middle voice).

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

स्थिरः (sthiraḥ) - firm, steady (firm, steady, constant, immovable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthira

sthira - firm, steady, constant, immovable, stable

Note: Used predicatively with 'bhava'.

भव (bhava) - be, remain (be, become, exist)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of bhū

Imperative, Parasmaipada, 2nd Person Singular

Root bhū (to be), 1st class (bhavati group), imperative mood (loṭ lakāra).

Root: bhū (class 1)

स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - standing (ready) (stood, standing, firm, ready, placed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - stood, standing, firm, present, ready, fixed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root sthā (to stand).

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Repeated from earlier in the verse. Used predicatively with 'asmi'.

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present, Parasmaipada, 1st Person Singular

Root as (to be), 2nd class, present tense (laṭ lakāra).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Repeated from earlier in the verse.

प्रहरस्व (praharasva) - strike! (strike, attack, deal a blow)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of pra-hṛ

Imperative, Ātmanepada, 2nd Person Singular

Root hṛ (to take, carry) with the prefix pra, in a causative sense leading to 'strike'. Imperative mood (loṭ lakāra), ātmanepada (middle voice).

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus (indicating quoted speech) (thus, so, in this way)

(indeclinable)

Particle used to introduce or conclude direct speech or thought.

शब्दाः (śabdāḥ) - words, shouts (sounds, words, noises)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śabda

śabda - sound, noise, word, voice

Root: śabd (class 1)

Note: Subject of the passive verb 'śrūyante'.

श्रूयन्ते (śrūyante) - were heard (are heard, are listened to)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of śru

Present, Ātmanepada (passive form), 3rd Person Plural

Root śru (to hear), 5th class, present tense (laṭ lakāra), passive voice, ātmanepada ending.

Root: śru (class 5)

सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - everywhere, from all sides (everywhere, completely, in every way)

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed by adding the suffix 'śas' to 'sarva' (all).