महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-40, verse-53

तत्र भारत कर्णेन मातङ्गास्ताडिताः शरैः ।
सर्वतोऽभ्यद्रवन्भीताः कुर्वन्तो महदाकुलम् ॥५३॥

53. tatra bhārata karṇena mātaṅgāstāḍitāḥ śaraiḥ ,
sarvato'bhyadravanbhītāḥ kurvanto mahadākulam.

53. tatra bhārata karṇena mātaṅgāḥ tāḍitāḥ śaraiḥ
sarvataḥ abhyadravan bhītāḥ kurvantaḥ mahat ākulam

53. bhārata tatra karṇena śaraiḥ tāḍitāḥ mātaṅgāḥ
bhītāḥ sarvataḥ abhyadravan mahat ākulam kurvantaḥ

53. There, O Bhārata, the elephants, struck by Karṇa with arrows, fled in fear from all directions, creating great confusion.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - there (on the battlefield) (there, in that place)

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O descendant of Bharata, O Indian)

• कर्णेन (karṇena) - by Karṇa

• मातङ्गाः (mātaṅgāḥ) - elephants (war elephants) (elephants, an outcast tribe)

• ताडिताः (tāḍitāḥ) - struck (by arrows) (struck, beaten, hit)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

• सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all directions (from all sides, everywhere, completely)

• अभ्यद्रवन् (abhyadravan) - they fled (in fear) (they ran towards, they rushed, they fled)

• भीताः (bhītāḥ) - in fear, frightened (frightened, terrified)

• कुर्वन्तः (kurvantaḥ) - creating, causing (doing, making, causing)

• महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important)

• आकुलम् (ākulam) - confusion (confused, agitated, disordered; confusion, agitation)

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - there (on the battlefield) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O descendant of Bharata, O Indian)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata; related to India; a proper name

Patronymic from Bharata.

कर्णेन (karṇena) - by Karṇa

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (a prominent warrior in the Mahabharata); ear

मातङ्गाः (mātaṅgāḥ) - elephants (war elephants) (elephants, an outcast tribe)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mātaṅga

mātaṅga - elephant; a certain low caste or tribe

Note: Subject of the sentence 'abhyadravan'.

ताडिताः (tāḍitāḥ) - struck (by arrows) (struck, beaten, hit)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāḍita

tāḍita - struck, beaten, hit, wounded

Past Passive Participle

From root 'taḍ' (to strike, beat).

Root: taḍ (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'mātaṅgāḥ'.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow; reed

Note: Instrument of 'tāḍitāḥ'.

सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all directions (from all sides, everywhere, completely)

(indeclinable)

Suffix -tas indicating 'from'.

अभ्यद्रवन् (abhyadravan) - they fled (in fear) (they ran towards, they rushed, they fled)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dru

Imperfect Active

Root 'dru' (to run), class 1 (bhū-ādi), imperfect form, 3rd person plural.

Prefix: abhi

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: The prefix 'abhi' can mean 'towards', but with 'dru' in context of battle, it often implies scattering or fleeing in a particular direction or simply in disarray.

भीताः (bhītāḥ) - in fear, frightened (frightened, terrified)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhīta

bhīta - frightened, terrified, afraid

Past Passive Participle

From root 'bhī' (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'mātaṅgāḥ'.

कुर्वन्तः (kurvantaḥ) - creating, causing (doing, making, causing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kurvat

kurvat - doing, making, causing, performing

Present Active Participle (Parasmaipada)

From root 'kṛ' (to do, make), class 8 (tan-ādi), present active participle suffix 'śatṛ'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'mātaṅgāḥ'.

महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, important

Note: Agrees with 'ākulam'.

आकुलम् (ākulam) - confusion (confused, agitated, disordered; confusion, agitation)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ākula

ākula - agitated, confused, disturbed, full of; confusion, disorder

Prefix: ā

Root: kul (class 1)

Note: Object of 'kurvantaḥ'.