महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-40, verse-40

तं पृष्ठतोऽभ्ययात्तूर्णं शैनेयो वितुदञ्शरैः ।
वारणं जघनोपान्ते विषाणाभ्यामिव द्विपः ॥४०॥

40. taṁ pṛṣṭhato'bhyayāttūrṇaṁ śaineyo vitudañśaraiḥ ,
vāraṇaṁ jaghanopānte viṣāṇābhyāmiva dvipaḥ.

40. tam pṛṣṭhataḥ abhyayāt tūrṇam śaineyaḥ vitudan
śaraiḥ vāraṇam jaghanopānte viṣāṇābhyām iva dvipaḥ

40. śaineyaḥ tūrṇam pṛṣṭhataḥ tam śaraiḥ vitudan abhyayāt,
dvipaḥ viṣāṇābhyām vāraṇam jaghanopānte iva

40. Śaineya quickly pursued him from behind, piercing with arrows, just as an elephant (dvipaḥ) would gore another elephant (vāraṇam) in its hindquarters with its two tusks.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind, at the back

• अभ्ययात् (abhyayāt) - approached, went towards, pursued

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, rapidly

• शैनेयः (śaineyaḥ) - Sātyaki, son of Śini. (Śaineya)

• वितुदन् (vitudan) - piercing, harassing, striking

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

• वारणम् (vāraṇam) - an elephant

• जघनोपान्ते (jaghanopānte) - on the hindquarters, near the back/rump

• विषाणाभ्याम् (viṣāṇābhyām) - with two tusks, by means of two horns

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as

• द्विपः (dvipaḥ) - an elephant

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind, at the back

(indeclinable)

Derived from pṛṣṭha (back) with the suffix -tas indicating 'from'.

अभ्ययात् (abhyayāt) - approached, went towards, pursued

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √i

Prefix: abhi

Root: √i (class 2)

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, rapidly

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tūrṇa

tūrṇa - quick, swift, rapid

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √tvar 'to hasten'.

Root: √tvar (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially.

शैनेयः (śaineyaḥ) - Sātyaki, son of Śini. (Śaineya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śaineya

śaineya - son of Śini, Sātyaki

A patronymic adjective 'belonging to Śini' used as a proper name.

वितुदन् (vitudan) - piercing, harassing, striking

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vitudat

vitudat - piercing, harassing, striking

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √tud 'to strike, pierce' with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: √tud (class 6)

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

वारणम् (vāraṇam) - an elephant

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vāraṇa

vāraṇa - elephant

जघनोपान्ते (jaghanopānte) - on the hindquarters, near the back/rump

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of jaghanopānta

jaghanopānta - region near the hindquarters/rump

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jaghana+upānta)

• jaghana – hindquarters, buttock, rump
  noun (neuter)
• upānta – vicinity, near, edge
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: upa

विषाणाभ्याम् (viṣāṇābhyām) - with two tusks, by means of two horns

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, dual of viṣāṇa

viṣāṇa - tusk, horn

इव (iva) - like, as if, as

(indeclinable)

द्विपः (dvipaḥ) - an elephant

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvipa

dvipa - elephant (literally 'drinker twice' referring to its trunk use)