महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-40, verse-51

सिंहकेतुं रोचमानं शलभं च महारथम् ।
निजघान सुसंक्रुद्धश्चेदीनां च महारथान् ॥५१॥

51. siṁhaketuṁ rocamānaṁ śalabhaṁ ca mahāratham ,
nijaghāna susaṁkruddhaścedīnāṁ ca mahārathān.

51. siṃhaketum rocamānam śalabham ca mahāratham
nijaghāna susaṃkruddhaḥ cedīnām ca mahārathān

51. susaṃkruddhaḥ siṃhaketum rocamānam śalabham
ca mahāratham cedīnām ca mahārathān nijaghāna

51. Greatly enraged, he killed Simhaketu, Rocamana, and Salabha, who was a great charioteer; and also the great charioteers of the Cedis.

Words meanings summery:

• सिंहकेतुम् (siṁhaketum) - A warrior named Simhaketu (having a lion on his banner; Simhaketu (proper name))

• रोचमानम् (rocamānam) - A warrior named Rocamana (shining, brilliant, pleasing; Rocamana (proper name))

• शलभम् (śalabham) - A warrior named Salabha (grasshopper, moth; Salabha (proper name))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• महारथम् (mahāratham) - a great charioteer (describing Salabha) (a great charioteer; having a great chariot)

• निजघान (nijaghāna) - he killed (he killed, he struck down)

• सुसंक्रुद्धः (susaṁkruddhaḥ) - greatly enraged (very greatly enraged, highly furious)

• चेदीनाम् (cedīnām) - of the Cedis (of the Chedis)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• महारथान् (mahārathān) - great charioteers (great charioteers, mighty warriors)

Words meanings and morphology

सिंहकेतुम् (siṁhaketum) - A warrior named Simhaketu (having a lion on his banner; Simhaketu (proper name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of siṃhaketu

siṁhaketu - Simhaketu (proper name); having a lion as a banner

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (siṃha+ketu)

• siṃha – lion
  noun (masculine)
• ketu – banner, flag
  noun (masculine)

रोचमानम् (rocamānam) - A warrior named Rocamana (shining, brilliant, pleasing; Rocamana (proper name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rocamāna

rocamāna - Rocamana (proper name); shining, brilliant, pleasing

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

From root 'ruc' (to shine, to please) with present active participle suffix 'śānac' (māna).

Root: ruc (class 1)

शलभम् (śalabham) - A warrior named Salabha (grasshopper, moth; Salabha (proper name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śalabha

śalabha - grasshopper, moth; Salabha (proper name)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

महारथम् (mahāratham) - a great charioteer (describing Salabha) (a great charioteer; having a great chariot)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer; one who fights from a great chariot

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, car; warrior
  noun (masculine)

Note: Can also be an adjective here agreeing with Śalabha.

निजघान (nijaghāna) - he killed (he killed, he struck down)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of han

Perfect Active

Root 'han' (to strike, kill), class 2 (adā-di), perfect form.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: The prefix 'ni' can intensify the action.

सुसंक्रुद्धः (susaṁkruddhaḥ) - greatly enraged (very greatly enraged, highly furious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of susaṃkruddha

susaṁkruddha - very greatly enraged, highly furious

Past Passive Participle

Compound of 'su' (very, well), 'sam' (intensifying prefix), and 'kruddha' (P.P.P. of 'krodh' - to be angry).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+sam+kruddha)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• sam – together, completely, fully (prefix)
  indeclinable
• kruddha – enraged, angry
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'krudh' (to be angry).
  Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject, Karṇa.

चेदीनाम् (cedīnām) - of the Cedis (of the Chedis)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of cedi

cedi - Cedi (name of an ancient country and its people)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

महारथान् (mahārathān) - great charioteers (great charioteers, mighty warriors)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer; one who fights from a great chariot

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior
  noun (masculine)