महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-40, verse-44

पाञ्चालास्तु महाराज त्वरिता विजिगीषवः ।
सर्वतोऽभ्यद्रवन्कर्णं पतत्रिण इव द्रुमम् ॥४४॥

44. pāñcālāstu mahārāja tvaritā vijigīṣavaḥ ,
sarvato'bhyadravankarṇaṁ patatriṇa iva drumam.

44. pāñcālāḥ tu mahārāja tvaritāḥ vijigīṣavaḥ
sarvataḥ abhyadravan karṇam patatriṇaḥ iva drumam

44. mahārāja tu tvaritāḥ vijigīṣavaḥ pāñcālāḥ
sarvataḥ karṇam abhyadravan patatriṇaḥ drumam iva

44. But the Pañcālas, O great King, swift and desirous of victory, rushed from all sides towards Karṇa, just as birds (rush) towards a tree.

Words meanings summery:

• पाञ्चालाः (pāñcālāḥ) - the Pañcālas

• तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• त्वरिताः (tvaritāḥ) - swift, hurried, quick

• विजिगीषवः (vijigīṣavaḥ) - desirous of victory, eager for conquest

• सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides (from all sides, on all sides, everywhere)

• अभ्यद्रवन् (abhyadravan) - they rushed towards, they ran at

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - towards Karṇa (Karṇa)

• पतत्रिणः (patatriṇaḥ) - birds

• इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

• द्रुमम् (drumam) - towards a tree (tree)

Words meanings and morphology

पाञ्चालाः (pāñcālāḥ) - the Pañcālas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāñcāla

pāñcāla - a native or king of Pañcāla, the Pañcālas

तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'rājan' (king).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

त्वरिताः (tvaritāḥ) - swift, hurried, quick

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tvarita

tvarita - swift, hurried, quick

Past Passive Participle

From root 'tvar' (to hasten, hurry). Formed with the suffix 'ita'.

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'pāñcālāḥ'.

विजिगीषवः (vijigīṣavaḥ) - desirous of victory, eager for conquest

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vijigīṣu

vijigīṣu - desirous of victory, eager for conquest

Desiderative

Desiderative stem of root 'ji' (to conquer) with prefix 'vi', formed with the suffix 'u'.

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'pāñcālāḥ'.

सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides (from all sides, on all sides, everywhere)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'sarva' (all) with the suffix 'tas'.

अभ्यद्रवन् (abhyadravan) - they rushed towards, they ran at

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of dru

Imperfect Active

3rd person plural, Imperfect (laṅ) tense, active voice, from root 'dru' (to run) with prefix 'abhi'. The 'a' is the augment for imperfect, and the 'i' of 'abhi' becomes 'y' before this 'a'.

Prefix: abhi

Root: dru (class 1)

कर्णम् (karṇam) - towards Karṇa (Karṇa)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (name), ear

Note: Object of the verb 'abhyadravan'.

पतत्रिणः (patatriṇaḥ) - birds

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of patatrin

patatrin - bird, winged creature

Derived from 'pat' (to fly) with the suffix '-in' (possessive).

Root: pat (class 1)

इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

द्रुमम् (drumam) - towards a tree (tree)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of druma

druma - tree

Note: Object of implied verb of motion for the simile.