महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-40, verse-121

द्रौणिपाण्डवयोरेवं वर्तमाने महारणे ।
वर्धमाने च राजेन्द्र द्रोणपुत्रे महाबले ।
हीयमाने च कौन्तेये कृष्णं रोषः समभ्ययात् ॥१२१॥

121. drauṇipāṇḍavayorevaṁ vartamāne mahāraṇe ,
vardhamāne ca rājendra droṇaputre mahābale ,
hīyamāne ca kaunteye kṛṣṇaṁ roṣaḥ samabhyayāt.

121. drauṇipāṇḍavayoḥ evam vartamāne
mahāraṇe vardhamāne ca rājendra
droṇaputre mahābale hīyamāne ca
kaunteye kṛṣṇam roṣaḥ samabhyayāt

121. O King of kings, as this great battle (mahāraṇa) raged between Droṇa's son (Aśvatthāman) and Pāṇḍu's son (Arjuna), with the greatly powerful son of Droṇa gaining the upper hand and Kuntī's son (Arjuna) losing ground, anger suddenly overwhelmed Kṛṣṇa.

Words meanings summery:

• द्रौणिपाण्डवयोः (drauṇipāṇḍavayoḥ) - of Aśvatthāman and Arjuna (of Drona's son and Pandu's son)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - while existing, while going on, present

• महारणे (mahāraṇe) - in the great battle

• वर्धमाने (vardhamāne) - gaining the upper hand (while increasing, growing, flourishing)

• च (ca) - and, also

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king of kings, O chief of kings)

• द्रोणपुत्रे (droṇaputre) - in Aśvatthāman (in Drona's son)

• महाबले (mahābale) - in Aśvatthāman (who was greatly powerful) (in the greatly powerful one, in the mighty one)

• हीयमाने (hīyamāne) - while diminishing, waning, losing ground

• च (ca) - and, also

• कौन्तेये (kaunteye) - in Arjuna (in Kunti's son)

• कृष्णम् (kṛṣṇam) - to Kṛṣṇa

• रोषः (roṣaḥ) - anger, wrath, rage

• समभ्ययात् (samabhyayāt) - overwhelmed (approached, came upon, assailed)

Words meanings and morphology

द्रौणिपाण्डवयोः (drauṇipāṇḍavayoḥ) - of Aśvatthāman and Arjuna (of Drona's son and Pandu's son)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of drauṇipāṇḍava

drauṇipāṇḍava - Droṇa's son and Pāṇḍu's son

Compound type : dvandva (drauṇi+pāṇḍava)

• drauṇi – son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāman)
  proper noun (masculine)
• pāṇḍava – son of Pāṇḍu (Arjuna)
  proper noun (masculine)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - while existing, while going on, present

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - existing, being, present, current, going on

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root √vṛt (to turn, exist, proceed).

Root: vṛt (class 1)

महारणे (mahāraṇe) - in the great battle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahāraṇa

mahāraṇa - great battle, great war

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+raṇa)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• raṇa – battle, fight, war, conflict
  noun (masculine)

वर्धमाने (vardhamāne) - gaining the upper hand (while increasing, growing, flourishing)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of vardhamāna

vardhamāna - increasing, growing, flourishing, thriving

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root √vṛdh (to grow, increase).

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king of kings, O chief of kings)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - king of kings, chief of kings, emperor

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, best (often used as suffix)
  noun (masculine)

द्रोणपुत्रे (droṇaputre) - in Aśvatthāman (in Drona's son)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of droṇaputra

droṇaputra - son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāman)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (droṇa+putra)

• droṇa – Droṇa (name of a preceptor)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

महाबले (mahābale) - in Aśvatthāman (who was greatly powerful) (in the greatly powerful one, in the mighty one)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahābala

mahābala - greatly powerful, very strong, mighty

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

हीयमाने (hīyamāne) - while diminishing, waning, losing ground

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of hīyamāna

hīyamāna - diminishing, waning, perishing, being abandoned

Present Middle Participle (passive)

Derived from root √hā (to abandon, forsake; in passive, to diminish).

Root: hā (class 3)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

कौन्तेये (kaunteye) - in Arjuna (in Kunti's son)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kuntī (Arjuna)

Derived from Kuntī with suffix -eya.

कृष्णम् (kṛṣṇam) - to Kṛṣṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - Kṛṣṇa (name of a deity), dark, black

रोषः (roṣaḥ) - anger, wrath, rage

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of roṣa

roṣa - anger, wrath, rage, indignation

From root √ruṣ (to be angry).

Root: ruṣ (class 4)

समभ्ययात् (samabhyayāt) - overwhelmed (approached, came upon, assailed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of i

Prefixes: sam+abhi

Root: i (class 2)