महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-40, verse-110

तस्मिन्प्रपक्षे पक्षे च वध्यमाने महात्मना ।
अर्जुनं जयतां श्रेष्ठं त्वरितो द्रौणिराययौ ॥११०॥

110. tasminprapakṣe pakṣe ca vadhyamāne mahātmanā ,
arjunaṁ jayatāṁ śreṣṭhaṁ tvarito drauṇirāyayau.

110. tasmin prapakṣe pakṣe ca vadhya-māne mahātmanā
arjunam jayatām śreṣṭham tvaritaḥ droṇiḥ āyayau

110. tasmin prapakṣe pakṣe ca mahātmanā vadhya-māne,
tvaritaḥ droṇiḥ jayatām śreṣṭham arjunam āyayau

110. As that vanguard (prapakṣa) and flank (pakṣa) were being slaughtered by the great-souled (mahātman) Arjuna, Droṇi swiftly advanced towards Arjuna, the foremost among victors.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, on that

• प्रपक्षे (prapakṣe) - in the vanguard, in the fore-flank

• पक्षे (pakṣe) - in the flank, in the wing, in the side

• च (ca) - and

• वध्य-माने (vadhya-māne) - being slain, being killed

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled Arjuna (by the great-souled one)

• अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - Arjuna

• जयतम् (jayatam) - of those conquering, of conquerors

• श्रेष्ठम् (śreṣṭham) - the best, the foremost

• त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - swift, hurried, quick

• द्रोणिः (droṇiḥ) - Droṇi (son of Droṇa, Aśvatthāmā)

• आययौ (āyayau) - he came, he approached

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, on that

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Refers to 'prapakṣe' and 'pakṣe'.

प्रपक्षे (prapakṣe) - in the vanguard, in the fore-flank

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of prapakṣa

prapakṣa - vanguard, fore-flank

Compound type : tatpurusha (pra+pakṣa)

• pra – forward, onward
  indeclinable
• pakṣa – flank, wing, side
  noun (masculine)

पक्षे (pakṣe) - in the flank, in the wing, in the side

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pakṣa

pakṣa - flank, wing, side, party

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

वध्य-माने (vadhya-māne) - being slain, being killed

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, dual of vadhya-māna

vadhya-māna - being slain, being killed

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root han (to strike, kill), with passive suffix -yamāna.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Matches 'prapakṣe' and 'pakṣe' in case and number.

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled Arjuna (by the great-souled one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a Pandava prince)

जयतम् (jayatam) - of those conquering, of conquerors

(adjective)

Genitive, plural of jayat

jayat - conquering, victorious

Present Active Participle

Derived from root ji (to conquer).

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Used here as a substantive ('of those conquering').

श्रेष्ठम् (śreṣṭham) - the best, the foremost

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, most excellent, chief

Superlative form of praśasya (excellent).

Note: Qualifies Arjuna.

त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - swift, hurried, quick

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvarita

tvarita - hurried, swift, quick

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root tvar (to hasten).

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Droṇi.

द्रोणिः (droṇiḥ) - Droṇi (son of Droṇa, Aśvatthāmā)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇi

droṇi - Droṇi (Aśvatthāmā, son of Droṇa)

आययौ (āyayau) - he came, he approached

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of ā-yā

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)