महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-40, verse-38

तमारोप्य रथे राजन्दण्डधारो जनाधिपम् ।
अपोवाह च संभ्रान्तो धृष्टद्युम्नस्य पश्यतः ॥३८॥

38. tamāropya rathe rājandaṇḍadhāro janādhipam ,
apovāha ca saṁbhrānto dhṛṣṭadyumnasya paśyataḥ.

38. tam āropya rathe rājan daṇḍadhāraḥ janādhipam
apovāha ca saṃbhrāntaḥ dhṛṣṭadyumnasya paśyataḥ

38. rājan daṇḍadhāraḥ saṃbhrāntaḥ tam janādhipam
rathe āropya ca dhṛṣṭadyumnasya paśyataḥ apovāha

38. O King, having seated that lord of men on the chariot, the agitated charioteer carried him away, while Dhṛṣṭadyumna watched.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• आरोप्य (āropya) - having seated, having mounted, having placed upon

• रथे (rathe) - on the chariot, in the chariot

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• दण्डधारः (daṇḍadhāraḥ) - the charioteer, the bearer of a staff/rod

• जनाधिपम् (janādhipam) - the lord of men, the ruler, the king

• अपोवाह (apovāha) - carried away, led away

• च (ca) - and

• संभ्रान्तः (saṁbhrāntaḥ) - bewildered, agitated, confused

• धृष्टद्युम्नस्य (dhṛṣṭadyumnasya) - of Dhṛṣṭadyumna, the commander of the Pāṇḍava army and slayer of Droṇa. (of Dhṛṣṭadyumna)

• पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - while seeing, watching; of one seeing/watching

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this

आरोप्य (āropya) - having seated, having mounted, having placed upon

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root √ruh 'to ascend' with prefix ā-, forming an absolutive suffix -ya.

Prefix: ā

Root: √ruh (class 1)

रथे (rathe) - on the chariot, in the chariot

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

दण्डधारः (daṇḍadhāraḥ) - the charioteer, the bearer of a staff/rod

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daṇḍadhāra

daṇḍadhāra - charioteer, one who holds a stick/rod, staff-bearer

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (daṇḍa+dhāra)

• daṇḍa – stick, staff, rod
  noun (masculine)
• dhāra – holding, carrying, bearing
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun derived from root √dhṛ (to hold, bear).
  Root: √dhṛ (class 1)

जनाधिपम् (janādhipam) - the lord of men, the ruler, the king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of janādhipa

janādhipa - lord of men, ruler, king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+adhipa)

• jana – person, people, mankind
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)

अपोवाह (apovāha) - carried away, led away

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √vah

Prefix: apa

Root: √vah (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

संभ्रान्तः (saṁbhrāntaḥ) - bewildered, agitated, confused

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃbhrānta

saṁbhrānta - bewildered, agitated, confused

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √bhram 'to wander, be confused' with prefix sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: √bhram (class 1)

धृष्टद्युम्नस्य (dhṛṣṭadyumnasya) - of Dhṛṣṭadyumna, the commander of the Pāṇḍava army and slayer of Droṇa. (of Dhṛṣṭadyumna)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (proper name)

पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - while seeing, watching; of one seeing/watching

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, watching

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √dṛś 'to see', using the present stem paśya-.

Root: √dṛś (class 1)