महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-40, verse-52

तेषामाददतः प्राणानासीदाधिरथेर्वपुः ।
शोणिताभ्युक्षिताङ्गस्य रुद्रस्येवोर्जितं महत् ॥५२॥

52. teṣāmādadataḥ prāṇānāsīdādhirathervapuḥ ,
śoṇitābhyukṣitāṅgasya rudrasyevorjitaṁ mahat.

52. teṣām ādadātaḥ prāṇān āsīt ādhīratheḥ vapuḥ
śoṇitābhyukṣitāṅgasya rudrasya iva ūrjitam mahat

52. prāṇān ādadātaḥ teṣām ādhīratheḥ vapuḥ
śoṇitābhyukṣitāṅgasya rudrasya iva ūjitam mahat āsīt

52. As he took their lives, the body of Adhirathi's son (Karṇa) became mighty and great, with limbs drenched in blood, like that of Rudra.

Words meanings summery:

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those (warriors mentioned in previous verses) (of them, belonging to them)

• आददातः (ādadātaḥ) - taking (the lives of others) (taking, seizing, grasping)

• प्राणान् (prāṇān) - lives (breaths, life forces, lives)

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was, became (he/she/it was, existed)

• आधीरथेः (ādhīratheḥ) - of Adhirathi's son (Karṇa) (of Adhiratha's son (Karṇa))

• वपुः (vapuḥ) - body (body, form, figure)

• शोणिताभ्युक्षिताङ्गस्य (śoṇitābhyukṣitāṅgasya) - with limbs drenched in blood (whose limbs are sprinkled with blood)

• रुद्रस्य (rudrasya) - of Rudra (of Rudra (a fierce deity, early form of Shiva))

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• ऊर्जितम् (ūrjitam) - mighty (mighty, powerful, energetic)

• महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important)

Words meanings and morphology

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those (warriors mentioned in previous verses) (of them, belonging to them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the warriors killed by Karṇa.

आददातः (ādadātaḥ) - taking (the lives of others) (taking, seizing, grasping)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ādadat

ādadat - taking, receiving, seizing

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

From root 'dā' (to give) with prefix 'ā' and present active participle suffix 'śatṛ' (or 'śānac' if the verb is used in atmanepada). Here, it's 'ā + dā' in the sense of 'taking'. The base is 'ādadāna' or 'ādadat'. Genitive singular form.

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (Karṇa).

प्राणान् (prāṇān) - lives (breaths, life forces, lives)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, vital air, life, spirit

आसीत् (āsīt) - was, became (he/she/it was, existed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect Active

Root 'as' (to be), class 2 (adā-di), imperfect form, 3rd person singular.

Root: as (class 2)

आधीरथेः (ādhīratheḥ) - of Adhirathi's son (Karṇa) (of Adhiratha's son (Karṇa))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ādhīrathi

ādhīrathi - son of Adhiratha (an epithet for Karṇa)

Patronymic from Adhiratha.

Note: Refers to Karṇa.

वपुः (vapuḥ) - body (body, form, figure)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vapus

vapus - body, form, figure

शोणिताभ्युक्षिताङ्गस्य (śoṇitābhyukṣitāṅgasya) - with limbs drenched in blood (whose limbs are sprinkled with blood)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śoṇitābhyukṣitāṅga

śoṇitābhyukṣitāṅga - whose limbs are sprinkled/drenched with blood

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śoṇita+abhyukṣita+aṅga)

• śoṇita – blood
  noun (neuter)
• abhyukṣita – sprinkled, drenched
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'ukṣ' (to sprinkle) with prefixes 'abhi' and 'ud'.
  Prefixes: abhi+ud
  Root: ukṣ (class 1)
• aṅga – limb, body part
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (Karṇa), which is in genitive here due to 'ādīratheḥ'.

रुद्रस्य (rudrasya) - of Rudra (of Rudra (a fierce deity, early form of Shiva))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rudra

rudra - Rudra (a Vedic deity, later identified with Shiva); a fierce god

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

ऊर्जितम् (ūrjitam) - mighty (mighty, powerful, energetic)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ūrjita

ūrjita - mighty, powerful, strong, energetic, invigorated

Past Passive Participle

From root 'ūrj' (to be strong, to be powerful).

Root: ūrj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'vapuḥ'.

महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, important

Note: Agrees with 'vapuḥ'.