महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-40, verse-42

न पाण्डवानां नास्माकं योधः कश्चित्पराङ्मुखः ।
प्रत्यदृश्यत यत्कर्णः पाञ्चालांस्त्वरितो ययौ ॥४२॥

42. na pāṇḍavānāṁ nāsmākaṁ yodhaḥ kaścitparāṅmukhaḥ ,
pratyadṛśyata yatkarṇaḥ pāñcālāṁstvarito yayau.

42. na pāṇḍavānām na asmākam yodhaḥ kaścit parāṅmukhaḥ
pratyadṛśyata yat karṇaḥ pāñcālān tvaritaḥ yayau

42. yat karṇaḥ tvaritaḥ pāñcālān yayau na pāṇḍavānām
na asmākam kaścit yodhaḥ parāṅmukhaḥ pratyadṛśyata

42. No warrior, neither among the Pāṇḍavas nor among our own forces, was seen to turn away (from battle), even as Karṇa swiftly advanced towards the Pañcālas.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pāṇḍavas

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• अस्माकम् (asmākam) - of us, our

• योधः (yodhaḥ) - warrior, fighter

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - any (warrior) (someone, anyone, a certain one)

• पराङ्मुखः (parāṅmukhaḥ) - fleeing (from battle) (having face turned away, averted, fleeing)

• प्रत्यदृश्यत (pratyadṛśyata) - was seen (to be) (was seen)

• यत् (yat) - that (conjunction) (that, which, because)

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa (proper name)

• पाञ्चालान् (pāñcālān) - to the Pañcālas

• त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - swiftly, quickly (acting as an adverbial modifier to the verb 'yayau') (swift, hurried, quick)

• ययौ (yayau) - went, proceeded

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

अस्माकम् (asmākam) - of us, our

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - us, our, we

योधः (yodhaḥ) - warrior, fighter

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yodha

yodha - warrior, fighter

From root 'yudh' (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

कश्चित् (kaścit) - any (warrior) (someone, anyone, a certain one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - someone, anyone, a certain one

पराङ्मुखः (parāṅmukhaḥ) - fleeing (from battle) (having face turned away, averted, fleeing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parāṅmukha

parāṅmukha - having face turned away, averted, fleeing

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (parāñc+mukha)

• parāñc – turned away, averted
  adjective
  Prefix: parā
  Root: añc (class 1)
• mukha – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'yodhaḥ'.

प्रत्यदृश्यत (pratyadṛśyata) - was seen (to be) (was seen)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect Passive

3rd person singular, Imperfect (laṅ) tense, passive voice. The verb is formed by prefixing 'prati' to the root 'dṛś', with the augment 'a' for imperfect, the passive marker 'ya', and the 3rd person singular ending 'ta'. The 'i' of 'prati' becomes 'y' before the 'a' of the augment.

Prefix: prati

Root: dṛś (class 1)

यत् (yat) - that (conjunction) (that, which, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as a subordinating conjunction.

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (name of a warrior in the Mahābhārata), ear

पाञ्चालान् (pāñcālān) - to the Pañcālas

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāñcāla

pāñcāla - a native or king of Pañcāla (an ancient Indian kingdom), the Pañcālas (plural)

Note: The plural accusative 'pāñcālān' denotes "towards the Pañcālas" with verbs of motion like 'yayau'.

त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - swiftly, quickly (acting as an adverbial modifier to the verb 'yayau') (swift, hurried, quick)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvarita

tvarita - swift, hurried, quick

Past Passive Participle

From root 'tvar' (to hasten, hurry). Formed with the suffix 'ita'.

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'karṇaḥ'.

ययौ (yayau) - went, proceeded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of yā

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, Perfect (liṭ) tense, active voice, from root 'yā' (to go). Reduplication of the root to form the perfect stem 'yayā', with the ending 'au'.

Root: yā (class 2)