महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-40, verse-109

रथै रथाश्वसूतैश्च हतारोहैश्च वाजिभिः ।
द्विरदैश्च हतारोहैर्महामात्रैर्हतद्विपैः ।
अन्योन्येन महाराज कृतो घोरो जनक्षयः ॥१०९॥

109. rathai rathāśvasūtaiśca hatārohaiśca vājibhiḥ ,
dviradaiśca hatārohairmahāmātrairhatadvipaiḥ ,
anyonyena mahārāja kṛto ghoro janakṣayaḥ.

109. rathaiḥ rathāśvasūtaiḥ ca hatārohaiḥ
ca vājibhiḥ dviradaiḥ ca hatārohaiḥ
mahāmātraiḥ hatadvipaiḥ anyonyena
mahārāja kṛtaḥ ghoraḥ janakṣayaḥ

109. mahārāja,
anyonyena rathaiḥ,
rathāśvasūtaiḥ ca,
hatārohaiḥ vājibhiḥ ca,
dviradaiḥ ca,
hatārohaiḥ mahāmātraiḥ hatadvipaiḥ (ca),
ghoraḥ janakṣayaḥ kṛtaḥ.

109. O great king, a terrible destruction of people was caused by mutual combat, by chariots, by charioteers and their chariot-horses, by horses whose riders were slain, by elephants whose riders were killed, and by chief mahouts whose elephants had been destroyed.

Words meanings summery:

• रथैः (rathaiḥ) - by chariots

• रथाश्वसूतैः (rathāśvasūtaiḥ) - by charioteers with chariot-horses

• च (ca) - and

• हतारोहैः (hatārohaiḥ) - by horses whose riders were slain (by those whose riders were slain)

• च (ca) - and

• वाजिभिः (vājibhiḥ) - by horses

• द्वीरदैः (dvīradaiḥ) - by elephants

• च (ca) - and

• हतारोहैः (hatārohaiḥ) - by elephants whose riders (mahouts) were slain (by those whose riders were slain)

• महामात्रैः (mahāmātraiḥ) - by chief ministers, by chief mahouts

• हतद्विपैः (hatadvipaiḥ) - by chief mahouts whose elephants had been destroyed (by those whose elephants were slain)

• अन्योन्येन (anyonyena) - by each other, mutually

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - caused, done, made

• घोरः (ghoraḥ) - terrible, dreadful

• जनक्षयः (janakṣayaḥ) - destruction of people, carnage

Words meanings and morphology

रथैः (rathaiḥ) - by chariots

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, war-car

रथाश्वसूतैः (rathāśvasūtaiḥ) - by charioteers with chariot-horses

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rathāśvasūta

rathāśvasūta - a charioteer (sūta) of chariots (ratha) and horses (aśva)

Compound type : dvandva (ratha+aśva+sūta)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• sūta – charioteer, bard, herald
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

हतारोहैः (hatārohaiḥ) - by horses whose riders were slain (by those whose riders were slain)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of hatāroha

hatāroha - having slain riders, riderless (because rider is killed)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+āroha)

• hata – killed, slain, struck
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root: √han (class 2)
• āroha – rider, one who mounts
  noun (masculine)
  Verbal Noun
  Prefix: ā
  Root: √ruh (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

वाजिभिः (vājibhiḥ) - by horses

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vājin

vājin - horse, swift, strong

द्वीरदैः (dvīradaiḥ) - by elephants

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dvīrada

dvirada - elephant (lit. 'having two tusks')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+rada)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• rada – tusk, tooth
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

हतारोहैः (hatārohaiḥ) - by elephants whose riders (mahouts) were slain (by those whose riders were slain)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of hatāroha

hatāroha - having slain riders, riderless (because rider is killed)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+āroha)

• hata – killed, slain, struck
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root: √han (class 2)
• āroha – rider, mahout, one who mounts
  noun (masculine)
  Verbal Noun
  Prefix: ā
  Root: √ruh (class 1)

महामात्रैः (mahāmātraiḥ) - by chief ministers, by chief mahouts

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahāmātra

mahāmātra - chief minister, high official, chief mahout (elephant rider/keeper)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+mātra)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (masculine)
• mātra – measure, quantity; official, minister (as 'holder of office')
  noun (masculine)

हतद्विपैः (hatadvipaiḥ) - by chief mahouts whose elephants had been destroyed (by those whose elephants were slain)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of hatadvipa

hatadvipa - having slain elephants, whose elephants were killed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+dvipa)

• hata – killed, slain, struck
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root: √han (class 2)
• dvipa – elephant (lit. 'drinking twice')
  noun (masculine)

अन्योन्येन (anyonyena) - by each other, mutually

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of anyonya

anyonya - one another, mutual, reciprocal

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor, sovereign

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - caused, done, made

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, accomplished, caused, performed

Past Passive Participle

Root: √kṛ (class 8)

घोरः (ghoraḥ) - terrible, dreadful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, fearful, awful, ghastly

जनक्षयः (janakṣayaḥ) - destruction of people, carnage

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janakṣaya

janakṣaya - destruction of people, massacre, carnage, loss of men

Compound type : tatpurusha (jana+kṣaya)

• jana – person, people, man
  noun (masculine)
• kṣaya – destruction, decay, loss, waste
  noun (masculine)
  Verbal Noun
  Root: √kṣi (class 1)