महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-40, verse-43

तस्मिन्क्षणे नरश्रेष्ठ गजवाजिनरक्षयः ।
प्रादुरासीदुभयतो राजन्मध्यंगतेऽहनि ॥४३॥

43. tasminkṣaṇe naraśreṣṭha gajavājinarakṣayaḥ ,
prādurāsīdubhayato rājanmadhyaṁgate'hani.

43. tasmin kṣaṇe naraśreṣṭha gajavājinarakṣayaḥ
prādurāsīt ubhayataḥ rājan madhyamgate ahani

43. naraśreṣṭha rājan tasmin kṣaṇe madhyamgate
ahani ubhayataḥ gajavājinarakṣayaḥ prādurāsīt

43. O best of men, O King, at that moment, when the day was at its midpoint, widespread destruction of elephants, horses, and men occurred on both sides (of the army).

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - at that (moment) (in that, on that)

• क्षणे (kṣaṇe) - at that moment (in a moment, at a moment, at an instant)

• नरश्रेष्ठ (naraśreṣṭha) - O best of men

• गजवाजिनरक्षयः (gajavājinarakṣayaḥ) - destruction of elephants, horses, and men

• प्रादुरासीत् (prādurāsīt) - appeared, arose, occurred

• उभयतः (ubhayataḥ) - on both sides, from both sides

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• मध्यम्गते (madhyamgate) - when it was midday, at midday (having reached the middle, being in the middle)

• अहनि (ahani) - during the day, when the day was (in the day, on the day)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - at that (moment) (in that, on that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

क्षणे (kṣaṇe) - at that moment (in a moment, at a moment, at an instant)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kṣaṇa

kṣaṇa - moment, instant, leisure

नरश्रेष्ठ (naraśreṣṭha) - O best of men

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of naraśreṣṭha

naraśreṣṭha - best of men

Compound of 'nara' (man) and 'śreṣṭha' (best).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+śreṣṭha)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative
  Superlative degree of 'praśasya' (excellent).
  Root: praśas

गजवाजिनरक्षयः (gajavājinarakṣayaḥ) - destruction of elephants, horses, and men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gajavājinarakṣaya

gajavājinarakṣaya - destruction of elephants, horses, and men

Compound of 'gaja' (elephant), 'vājin' (horse), 'nara' (man), and 'kṣaya' (destruction).

Compound type : dvandva then tatpuruṣa (gaja+vājin+nara+kṣaya)

• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• vājin – horse
  noun (masculine)
• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ
• kṣaya – destruction, loss, end
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'kṣi' (to destroy, perish).
  Root: kṣi (class 1)

प्रादुरासीत् (prādurāsīt) - appeared, arose, occurred

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect Active

3rd person singular, Imperfect (laṅ) tense, active voice, from root 'as' (to be). Combined with the indeclinable 'prādus' to mean "appeared" or "became manifest".

Prefix: prādus

Root: as (class 2)

उभयतः (ubhayataḥ) - on both sides, from both sides

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'ubhaya' (both) with the suffix 'tas'.

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

मध्यम्गते (madhyamgate) - when it was midday, at midday (having reached the middle, being in the middle)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of madhyamgata

madhyamgata - having reached the middle, being in the middle

Past Passive Participle

Compound of 'madhyama' (middle) and 'gata' (gone, reached). 'gata' is PPP of root 'gam' (to go).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madhyama+gata)

• madhyama – middle, central
  adjective (neuter)
• gata – gone, reached
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of root 'gam' (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'ahani'.

अहनि (ahani) - during the day, when the day was (in the day, on the day)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of ahan

ahan - day