महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-40, verse-47

ते वीरा रथवेगेन परिवव्रुर्नरोत्तमम् ।
सृजन्तं सायकान्क्रुद्धं कर्णमाहवशोभिनम् ॥४७॥

47. te vīrā rathavegena parivavrurnarottamam ,
sṛjantaṁ sāyakānkruddhaṁ karṇamāhavaśobhinam.

47. te vīrāḥ rathavegena parivavruḥ narottamama
sṛjantam sāyakān kruddham karṇam āhavasobhinam

47. te vīrāḥ rathavegena kruddham sāyakān sṛjantam
āhavasobhinam narottamama karṇam parivavruḥ

47. Those heroes swiftly surrounded Karṇa, the best of men, who was enraged, showering arrows, and brilliantly shining in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - Referring to the opposing warriors mentioned previously or implied (those)

• वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes, brave men

• रथवेगेन (rathavegena) - by the speed of chariots

• परिवव्रुः (parivavruḥ) - surrounded

• नरोत्तमम (narottamama) - Referring to Karṇa (the best of men)

• सृजन्तम् (sṛjantam) - Showering arrows (showering, creating, emitting)

• सायकान् (sāyakān) - arrows

• क्रुद्धम् (kruddham) - Describes Karṇa's state (enraged, angry)

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - The warrior Karṇa, son of Sūrya and Kuntī, raised by Adhiratha and Rādhā. (Karṇa)

• आहवसोभिनम् (āhavasobhinam) - Describes Karṇa's appearance during the fight (shining in battle, splendid in battle)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - Referring to the opposing warriors mentioned previously or implied (those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes, brave men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, brave, valorous

रथवेगेन (rathavegena) - by the speed of chariots

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rathavega

rathavega - chariot-speed, swiftness of chariots

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (ratha+vega)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• vega – speed, velocity, force
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vij

परिवव्रुः (parivavruḥ) - surrounded

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of pari-vṛ

perfect tense

Derived from the root 'vṛ' (class 5/9), with the prefix 'pari'.

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

नरोत्तमम (narottamama) - Referring to Karṇa (the best of men)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of narottama

narottama - best among men, excellent man

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (nara+uttama)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, highest, excellent
  adjective (masculine)

सृजन्तम् (sṛjantam) - Showering arrows (showering, creating, emitting)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sṛjat

sṛjat - creating, emitting, showering

present active participle

Derived from the root 'sṛj' (to create, emit), present active participle in the masculine accusative singular.

Root: sṛj (class 6)

सायकान् (sāyakān) - arrows

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sāyaka

sāyaka - arrow

क्रुद्धम् (kruddham) - Describes Karṇa's state (enraged, angry)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - enraged, angry

past passive participle

Derived from the root 'krudh' (to be angry).

Root: krudh (class 4)

कर्णम् (karṇam) - The warrior Karṇa, son of Sūrya and Kuntī, raised by Adhiratha and Rādhā. (Karṇa)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear; a proper name of a famous warrior in the Mahābhārata

आहवसोभिनम् (āhavasobhinam) - Describes Karṇa's appearance during the fight (shining in battle, splendid in battle)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āhavasobhin

āhavasobhin - shining in battle, splendid in combat

Compound formed from 'āhava' (battle) and 'śobhin' (shining, splendid).

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (āhava+śobhin)

• āhava – battle, combat, war
  noun (masculine)
• śobhin – shining, splendid, beautiful
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective from root 'śubh'
  Derived from root 'śubh' (to shine, be splendid), with agent suffix '-in'.
  Root: śubh (class 1)