महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-40, verse-112

तैः पतद्भिर्महाराज द्रौणिमुक्तैः समन्ततः ।
संछादितौ रथस्थौ तावुभौ कृष्णधनंजयौ ॥११२॥

112. taiḥ patadbhirmahārāja drauṇimuktaiḥ samantataḥ ,
saṁchāditau rathasthau tāvubhau kṛṣṇadhanaṁjayau.

112. taiḥ patadbhiḥ mahārāja droṇi-muktaiḥ samantataḥ
saṃchāditau rathasthau tau ubhau kṛṣṇa-dhanañjayau

112. mahārāja samantataḥ droṇi-muktaiḥ taiḥ patadbhiḥ
rathasthau tau ubhau kṛṣṇa-dhanañjayau saṃchāditau

112. O great king (mahārāja), those falling arrows, released by Droṇi from all directions, completely covered both Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna, who were seated in their chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those arrows (by those)

• पतद्भिः (patadbhiḥ) - by those falling arrows (by those falling)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O great king)

• द्रोणि-मुक्तैः (droṇi-muktaiḥ) - by those arrows released by Droṇi (by those released by Droṇi)

• समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - from all sides, all around

• संछादितौ (saṁchāditau) - they two were covered, concealed

• रथस्थौ (rathasthau) - both standing in the chariot

• तौ (tau) - those two

• उभौ (ubhau) - both

• कृष्ण-धनञ्जयौ (kṛṣṇa-dhanañjayau) - Krishna and Arjuna

Words meanings and morphology

तैः (taiḥ) - by those arrows (by those)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Refers to the arrows (implied from the previous verse).

पतद्भिः (patadbhiḥ) - by those falling arrows (by those falling)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of patat

patat - falling, flying

Present Active Participle

Derived from root pat (to fall, fly).

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the arrows (implied).

महाराज (mahārāja) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

द्रोणि-मुक्तैः (droṇi-muktaiḥ) - by those arrows released by Droṇi (by those released by Droṇi)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of droṇi-mukta

droṇi-mukta - released by Droṇi

Compound: Droṇi (by Droṇi) + mukta (released).

Compound type : tatpurusha (droṇi+mukta)

• droṇi – Droṇi (Aśvatthāmā)
  proper noun (masculine)
• mukta – released, freed, discharged
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root muc (to release).
  Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Qualifies the arrows (implied).

समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - from all sides, all around

(indeclinable)

संछादितौ (saṁchāditau) - they two were covered, concealed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of saṃchādita

saṁchādita - covered, concealed, enveloped

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root chad (to cover) with prefix sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: chad (class 10)

Note: Refers to Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna.

रथस्थौ (rathasthau) - both standing in the chariot

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of rathastha

rathastha - standing in a chariot, seated on a chariot

Compound: Ratha (chariot) + stha (standing).

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+stha)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, situated, being in
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix indicating 'standing' or 'being in'.
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna.

तौ (tau) - those two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, this

उभौ (ubhau) - both

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

कृष्ण-धनञ्जयौ (kṛṣṇa-dhanañjayau) - Krishna and Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of kṛṣṇa-dhanañjaya

kṛṣṇa-dhanañjaya - Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna

Compound type : dvandva (kṛṣṇa+dhanañjaya)

• kṛṣṇa – Kṛṣṇa (name of a deity)
  proper noun (masculine)
• dhanañjaya – Arjuna (conqueror of wealth)
  proper noun (masculine)