महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-40, verse-21

माद्रीपुत्रौ ततः शूरौ व्यतिक्रम्य महारथौ ।
धृष्टद्युम्नस्तव सुतं ताडयामास सायकैः ॥२१॥

21. mādrīputrau tataḥ śūrau vyatikramya mahārathau ,
dhṛṣṭadyumnastava sutaṁ tāḍayāmāsa sāyakaiḥ.

21. mādrīputrau tataḥ śūrau vyatikramya mahārathau
| dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ tava sutaṃ tāḍayāmāsa sāyakaiḥ

21. tataḥ,
dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ śūrau mahārathau mādrīputrau vyatikramya tava sutaṃ sāyakaiḥ tāḍayāmāsa.

21. Then, having bypassed the two heroic great charioteers, the sons of Madri (Mādrīputrau), Dhrishtadyumna struck your son (Duryodhana) with arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• माद्रीपुत्रौ (mādrīputrau) - Nakula and Sahadeva (the two sons of Madri)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• शूरौ (śūrau) - heroic, brave

• व्यतिक्रम्य (vyatikramya) - having bypassed, having passed over

• महारथौ (mahārathau) - great charioteers

• धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhrishtadyumna (proper name)

• तव (tava) - your

• सुतं (sutaṁ) - Duryodhana (Dhritarashtra's son) (son)

• ताडयामास (tāḍayāmāsa) - he struck, he hit

• सायकैः (sāyakaiḥ) - with arrows

Words meanings and morphology

माद्रीपुत्रौ (mādrīputrau) - Nakula and Sahadeva (the two sons of Madri)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of mādrīputra

mādrīputra - son of Madri

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mādrī+putra)

• mādrī – Madri (name of Pandu's second wife and mother of Nakula and Sahadeva)
  proper noun (feminine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

Note: adverb of time

शूरौ (śūrau) - heroic, brave

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of śūra

śūra - heroic, brave, valorous, warrior

Note: modifies 'mādrīputrau'

व्यतिक्रम्य (vyatikramya) - having bypassed, having passed over

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

root kram (to step) with prefixes vi and ati, using -ya suffix for absolutive

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: kram (class 1)

महारथौ (mahārathau) - great charioteers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, a warrior capable of fighting 10,000 warriors simultaneously

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, car, warrior in a chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: modifies 'mādrīputrau'

धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhrishtadyumna (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - proper name; son of Drupada, commander of the Pandava army

तव (tava) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

सुतं (sutaṁ) - Duryodhana (Dhritarashtra's son) (son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, offspring

Past Passive Participle

root sū (to bear, bring forth), used as a noun

Root: sū (class 2)

ताडयामास (tāḍayāmāsa) - he struck, he hit

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of tāḍ

Perfect, Periphrastic (Am-suffix), 3rd person singular

Root: taḍ (class 10)

सायकैः (sāyakaiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sāyaka

sāyaka - arrow, dart

derived from root so (to sharpen, to hurl)

Root: si (class 4)