महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-61, verse-27

कं नु पृच्छामि दुःखार्ता त्वदर्थे शोककर्शिता ।
कच्चिद्दृष्टस्त्वयारण्ये संगत्येह नलो नृपः ॥२७॥

27. kaṁ nu pṛcchāmi duḥkhārtā tvadarthe śokakarśitā ,
kacciddṛṣṭastvayāraṇye saṁgatyeha nalo nṛpaḥ.

27. kam nu pṛcchāmi duḥkhārtā tvadarthe śokakarśitā
kaccit dṛṣṭaḥ tvayā araṇye saṃgatya iha nalaḥ nṛpaḥ

27. Afflicted and emaciated by grief for your sake, whom indeed should I ask? Has King Nala, by chance, been seen or encountered by you here in this forest?

Words meanings summery:

• कम् (kam) - whom (accusative of kim) (whom, what)

• नु (nu) - indeed (emphatic) (indeed, now, then (particle of interrogation or emphasis))

• पृच्छामि (pṛcchāmi) - I ask (I ask, I inquire)

• दुःखार्ता (duḥkhārtā) - (I, Damayanti, am) afflicted by sorrow (afflicted by sorrow, distressed by pain)

• त्वदर्थे (tvadarthe) - for your (Nala's) sake (for your sake, on your account)

• शोककर्शिता (śokakarśitā) - (I, Damayanti, am) emaciated by grief (emaciated by grief, wasted by sorrow)

• कच्चित् (kaccit) - hopefully, is it possible that (hopefully, is it possible that (interrogative particle))

• दृष्टः (dṛṣṭaḥ) - (has Nala been) seen (seen, beheld)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you (referring to the forest/animals addressed by Damayanti) (by you)

• अरण्ये (araṇye) - in this forest (in the forest, in the wilderness)

• संगत्य (saṁgatya) - having encountered (by you) (having met, having encountered)

• इह (iha) - here (in this forest) (here, in this world)

• नलः (nalaḥ) - King Nala (Nala (proper name))

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - King (Nala) (king, ruler)

Words meanings and morphology

कम् (kam) - whom (accusative of kim) (whom, what)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Refers to the person to be asked.

नु (nu) - indeed (emphatic) (indeed, now, then (particle of interrogation or emphasis))

(indeclinable)

पृच्छामि (pṛcchāmi) - I ask (I ask, I inquire)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of pṛcch

Present tense form of prach (pṛcch is the present stem).

Root: prach (class 6)

दुःखार्ता (duḥkhārtā) - (I, Damayanti, am) afflicted by sorrow (afflicted by sorrow, distressed by pain)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of duḥkhārta

duḥkhārta - distressed by pain, afflicted by sorrow, suffering from misery

Compound type : Tatpurusha (duḥkha+ārta)

• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering, misery
  noun (neuter)
• ārta – afflicted, pained, distressed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ṛ (to go, suffer).
  Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject 'I' (Damayanti).

त्वदर्थे (tvadarthe) - for your (Nala's) sake (for your sake, on your account)

(indeclinable)

tvad (from yuṣmad) + artha.

Compound type : Tatpurusha (tvad+artha)

• yuṣmad – you
  pronoun
  Stem used in compounds.
• artha – purpose, sake, meaning, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: Locative form of tvadartha used adverbially.

शोककर्शिता (śokakarśitā) - (I, Damayanti, am) emaciated by grief (emaciated by grief, wasted by sorrow)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śokakarśita

śokakarśita - emaciated by grief, worn out by sorrow

Compound type : Tatpurusha (śoka+karśita)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  From root śuc (to mourn, grieve).
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• karśita – emaciated, worn out, reduced, weakened
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛś (to be thin, to emaciate).
  Root: kṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject 'I' (Damayanti).

कच्चित् (kaccit) - hopefully, is it possible that (hopefully, is it possible that (interrogative particle))

(indeclinable)

दृष्टः (dṛṣṭaḥ) - (has Nala been) seen (seen, beheld)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, perceived, observed

Past Passive Participle

From root dṛś (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with nalaḥ nṛpaḥ.

त्वया (tvayā) - by you (referring to the forest/animals addressed by Damayanti) (by you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Instrumental singular of yuṣmad.

अरण्ये (araṇye) - in this forest (in the forest, in the wilderness)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of araṇya

araṇya - forest, wilderness, desert

संगत्य (saṁgatya) - having encountered (by you) (having met, having encountered)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root gam (to go) with sam prefix, using lyap suffix.

Prefix: sam

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Implies "having encountered (him)".

इह (iha) - here (in this forest) (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)

नलः (nalaḥ) - King Nala (Nala (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nala

nala - Nala (name of a king, husband of Damayanti)

Note: Subject of the passive verb dṛṣṭaḥ.

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - King (Nala) (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men

From nṛ (man) + pā (to protect).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man
  noun (masculine)
  The stem of nara when in compounds.
  Root: nṛ
• pa – protector, keeper
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Appositive to nalaḥ.