महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-61, verse-15

यथोक्तं विहगैर्हंसैः समीपे तव भूमिप ।
मत्सकाशे च तैरुक्तं तदवेक्षितुमर्हसि ॥१५॥

15. yathoktaṁ vihagairhaṁsaiḥ samīpe tava bhūmipa ,
matsakāśe ca tairuktaṁ tadavekṣitumarhasi.

15. yathā uktam vihagaiḥ haṃsaiḥ samīpe tava bhūmipa
matsakāśe ca taiḥ uktam tat avekṣitum arhasi

15. O King, you should consider that which was spoken by the birds, by the swans, in your presence, and also that which was spoken by them in my presence.

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in the manner that

• उक्तम् (uktam) - said, spoken

• विहगैः (vihagaiḥ) - by the birds

• हंसैः (haṁsaiḥ) - by the swans, by the geese

• समीपे (samīpe) - near, in proximity, in the presence

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• भूमिप (bhūmipa) - O king, O protector of the earth

• मत्सकाशे (matsakāśe) - in my presence, near me

• च (ca) - and

• तैः (taiḥ) - refers to the birds/swans (by them)

• अवेक्षितुम् (avekṣitum) - to observe, to consider, to look upon

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able, you are worthy

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in the manner that

(indeclinable)

उक्तम् (uktam) - said, spoken

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, told

Past Passive Participle

from root √vac (to speak), with irregular formation

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Appears twice in the verse.

विहगैः (vihagaiḥ) - by the birds

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vihaga

vihaga - bird (lit. 'going in the sky')

Derived from prefix 'vi' and root 'gam'

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (vi+ga)

• vi – sky, apart, asunder
  indeclinable
• ga – going, mover, moving
  noun (masculine)
  from root √gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

हंसैः (haṁsaiḥ) - by the swans, by the geese

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of haṃsa

haṁsa - swan, goose, a type of mythical bird

Note: Often associated with knowledge or purity.

समीपे (samīpe) - near, in proximity, in the presence

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions adverbially.

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (second person pronoun)

भूमिप (bhūmipa) - O king, O protector of the earth

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhūmipa

bhūmipa - king, protector of the earth

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhūmi+pa)

• bhūmi – earth, ground, land
  noun (feminine)
• pa – protector, keeper, one who drinks
  noun (masculine)
  from root √pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

मत्सकाशे (matsakāśe) - in my presence, near me

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mad+sakāśa)

• asmad – I, me (first person pronoun)
  pronoun
  stem form for first person pronoun when forming compounds
• sakāśa – proximity, presence, near
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: sa

Note: Functions adverbially.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

तैः (taiḥ) - refers to the birds/swans (by them)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those (demonstrative pronoun, used here as third person)

अवेक्षितुम् (avekṣitum) - to observe, to consider, to look upon

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

from root √īkṣ (to see) with upasarga 'ava'

Prefix: ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Forms an infinitive of purpose.

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able, you are worthy

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Root: arh (class 1)