महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-61, verse-12

दमयन्त्युवाच ।
सिंहोरस्क महाबाहो निषधानां जनाधिप ।
क्व नु राजन्गतोऽसीह त्यक्त्वा मां निर्जने वने ॥१२॥

12. damayantyuvāca ,
siṁhoraska mahābāho niṣadhānāṁ janādhipa ,
kva nu rājangato'sīha tyaktvā māṁ nirjane vane.

12. damayantī uvāca siṃhoraska mahābāho niṣadhānām janādhipa
kva nu rājan gataḥ asi iha tyaktvā mām nirjane vane

12. Damayantī said: "O lion-chested one, O great-armed one, O chief of the Niṣadhas! O King, where, pray tell, have you gone from here, having abandoned me in this desolate forest?"

Words meanings summery:

• दमयन्ती (damayantī) - Damayantī

• उवाच (uvāca) - she said, he said, spoke

• सिंहोरस्क (siṁhoraska) - O lion-chested one

• महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O great-armed one, O mighty-armed

• निषधानाम् (niṣadhānām) - of the Niṣadhas

• जनाधिप (janādhipa) - O chief of people, O ruler, O lord

• क्व (kva) - where?, in what place?

• नु (nu) - An interrogative particle suggesting entreaty or doubt, 'pray tell' (pray tell, indeed, then)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• गतः (gataḥ) - gone, departed

• असि (asi) - you are

• इह (iha) - from this place where Damayantī is (here, in this place, from here)

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having forsaken, leaving

• माम् (mām) - me

• निर्जने (nirjane) - in the desolate, in the solitary, in the uninhabited

• वने (vane) - in the forest, in the woods

Words meanings and morphology

दमयन्ती (damayantī) - Damayantī

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of damayantī

damayantī - Damayantī (name of a princess, wife of Nala)

उवाच (uvāca) - she said, he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of √vac

Perfect tense

3rd person singular, active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

सिंहोरस्क (siṁhoraska) - O lion-chested one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of siṃhoraska

siṁhoraska - lion-chested, having a broad chest like a lion

Compound type : bahuvrihi (siṃha+uras)

• siṃha – lion
  noun (masculine)
• uras – chest, breast
  noun (neuter)

Note: Addressed to Nala

महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O great-armed one, O mighty-armed

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - great-armed, mighty-armed, strong-armed

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (masculine)
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to Nala

निषधानाम् (niṣadhānām) - of the Niṣadhas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of niṣadha

niṣadha - Niṣadha (name of a country or its inhabitants; Nala was the king of Niṣadha)

जनाधिप (janādhipa) - O chief of people, O ruler, O lord

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of janādhipa

janādhipa - chief of men, ruler, lord, king

Compound type : tatpurusha (jana+adhipa)

• jana – people, men, creature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, chief
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Nala

क्व (kva) - where?, in what place?

(indeclinable)

नु (nu) - An interrogative particle suggesting entreaty or doubt, 'pray tell' (pray tell, indeed, then)

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Note: Addressed to Nala

गतः (gataḥ) - gone, departed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, arrived at, reached

Past Passive Participle

From root √gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Implied subject is Nala

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of √as

Present tense

2nd person singular, active voice

Root: as (class 2)

इह (iha) - from this place where Damayantī is (here, in this place, from here)

(indeclinable)

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having forsaken, leaving

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root √tyaj (to abandon, forsake)

Root: tyaj (class 1)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I

निर्जने (nirjane) - in the desolate, in the solitary, in the uninhabited

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of nirjana

nirjana - desolate, solitary, uninhabited, lonely

Compound type : prādi (nis+jana)

• nis – without, out of, away from
  indeclinable
• jana – people, men, person
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agrees with vane

वने (vane) - in the forest, in the woods

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket