महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-61, verse-26

शयानमुपविष्टं वा स्थितं वा निषधाधिप ।
प्रस्थितं वा नरश्रेष्ठ मम शोकविवर्धन ॥२६॥

26. śayānamupaviṣṭaṁ vā sthitaṁ vā niṣadhādhipa ,
prasthitaṁ vā naraśreṣṭha mama śokavivardhana.

26. śayānam upaviṣṭam vā sthitam vā niṣadhādhipa
prasthitam vā naraśreṣṭha mama śokavivardhana

26. O lord of Niṣadha, O best of men, you who intensify my grief – whether you are lying down, or sitting, or standing, or have departed, (I do not see you).

26. (איני רואה אותך) לא שוכב, לא יושב, לא עומד ולא יוצא לדרך, הו שליט בני הנִישַׁדְהַא, הו מגדיל צערי.

Words meanings summery:

• शयानम् (śayānam) - lying down (referring to Nala) (lying down, sleeping)

• उपविष्टम् (upaviṣṭam) - sitting (referring to Nala) (seated, sitting)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• स्थितम् (sthitam) - standing (referring to Nala) (standing, situated, staying)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• निषधाधिप (niṣadhādhipa) - O King Nala, the lord of Niṣadha (O lord of Niṣadha)

• प्रस्थितम् (prasthitam) - departed (referring to Nala) (departed, gone forth, started)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• नरश्रेष्ठ (naraśreṣṭha) - O best of men (referring to Nala) (O best of men, O foremost man)

• मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

• शोकविवर्धन (śokavivardhana) - O you who increase my sorrow (referring to Nala) (O increaser of sorrow)

Words meanings and morphology

शयानम् (śayānam) - lying down (referring to Nala) (lying down, sleeping)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śayāna

śayāna - lying, sleeping

Present Middle Participle

From root śī (to lie, to sleep).

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Agrees with implied Nala (accusative).

उपविष्टम् (upaviṣṭam) - sitting (referring to Nala) (seated, sitting)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upaviṣṭa

upaviṣṭa - seated, sitting, having sat down

Past Passive Participle

From root viś (to enter) with upa prefix.

Prefix: upa

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Agrees with implied Nala (accusative).

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

स्थितम् (sthitam) - standing (referring to Nala) (standing, situated, staying)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, firm, fixed

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā (to stand).

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with implied Nala (accusative).

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

निषधाधिप (niṣadhādhipa) - O King Nala, the lord of Niṣadha (O lord of Niṣadha)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of niṣadhādhipa

niṣadhādhipa - lord of Niṣadha

Compound type : Tatpurusha (niṣadha+adhipa)

• niṣadha – Name of a country or mountain range; Nala's kingdom
  proper noun (masculine)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, king
  noun (masculine)
  From adhi + root pā (to protect).
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

प्रस्थितम् (prasthitam) - departed (referring to Nala) (departed, gone forth, started)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prasthita

prasthita - gone forth, departed, set out, proceeded

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā (to stand) with pra prefix.

Prefix: pra

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with implied Nala (accusative).

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

नरश्रेष्ठ (naraśreṣṭha) - O best of men (referring to Nala) (O best of men, O foremost man)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of naraśreṣṭha

naraśreṣṭha - best of men, foremost man

Compound type : Tatpurusha (nara+śreṣṭha)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, chief
  adjective
  Superlative of praśasya.
  Root: praśas

मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Genitive singular of asmad.

Note: Refers to Damayanti.

शोकविवर्धन (śokavivardhana) - O you who increase my sorrow (referring to Nala) (O increaser of sorrow)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of śokavivardhana

śokavivardhana - increasing sorrow, causing grief

From vi-vṛdh with ana suffix.

Compound type : Tatpurusha (śoka+vivardhana)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  From root śuc (to mourn, grieve).
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• vivardhana – increasing, augmenting, causing to grow
  adjective (masculine)
  From root vṛdh (to grow, increase) with vi prefix and ana suffix.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

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