महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-61, verse-26

शयानमुपविष्टं वा स्थितं वा निषधाधिप ।
प्रस्थितं वा नरश्रेष्ठ मम शोकविवर्धन ॥२६॥

26. śayānamupaviṣṭaṁ vā sthitaṁ vā niṣadhādhipa ,
prasthitaṁ vā naraśreṣṭha mama śokavivardhana.

26. śayānam upaviṣṭam vā sthitam vā niṣadhādhipa
prasthitam vā naraśreṣṭha mama śokavivardhana

26. O lord of Niṣadha, O best of men, you who intensify my grief – whether you are lying down, or sitting, or standing, or have departed, (I do not see you).

Words meanings summery:

• शयानम् (śayānam) - lying down (referring to Nala) (lying down, sleeping)

• उपविष्टम् (upaviṣṭam) - sitting (referring to Nala) (seated, sitting)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• स्थितम् (sthitam) - standing (referring to Nala) (standing, situated, staying)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• निषधाधिप (niṣadhādhipa) - O King Nala, the lord of Niṣadha (O lord of Niṣadha)

• प्रस्थितम् (prasthitam) - departed (referring to Nala) (departed, gone forth, started)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• नरश्रेष्ठ (naraśreṣṭha) - O best of men (referring to Nala) (O best of men, O foremost man)

• मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

• शोकविवर्धन (śokavivardhana) - O you who increase my sorrow (referring to Nala) (O increaser of sorrow)

Words meanings and morphology

शयानम् (śayānam) - lying down (referring to Nala) (lying down, sleeping)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śayāna

śayāna - lying, sleeping

Present Middle Participle

From root śī (to lie, to sleep).

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Agrees with implied Nala (accusative).

उपविष्टम् (upaviṣṭam) - sitting (referring to Nala) (seated, sitting)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upaviṣṭa

upaviṣṭa - seated, sitting, having sat down

Past Passive Participle

From root viś (to enter) with upa prefix.

Prefix: upa

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Agrees with implied Nala (accusative).

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

स्थितम् (sthitam) - standing (referring to Nala) (standing, situated, staying)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, firm, fixed

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā (to stand).

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with implied Nala (accusative).

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

निषधाधिप (niṣadhādhipa) - O King Nala, the lord of Niṣadha (O lord of Niṣadha)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of niṣadhādhipa

niṣadhādhipa - lord of Niṣadha

Compound type : Tatpurusha (niṣadha+adhipa)

• niṣadha – Name of a country or mountain range; Nala's kingdom
  proper noun (masculine)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, king
  noun (masculine)
  From adhi + root pā (to protect).
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

प्रस्थितम् (prasthitam) - departed (referring to Nala) (departed, gone forth, started)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prasthita

prasthita - gone forth, departed, set out, proceeded

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā (to stand) with pra prefix.

Prefix: pra

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with implied Nala (accusative).

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

नरश्रेष्ठ (naraśreṣṭha) - O best of men (referring to Nala) (O best of men, O foremost man)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of naraśreṣṭha

naraśreṣṭha - best of men, foremost man

Compound type : Tatpurusha (nara+śreṣṭha)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, chief
  adjective
  Superlative of praśasya.
  Root: praśas

मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Genitive singular of asmad.

Note: Refers to Damayanti.

शोकविवर्धन (śokavivardhana) - O you who increase my sorrow (referring to Nala) (O increaser of sorrow)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of śokavivardhana

śokavivardhana - increasing sorrow, causing grief

From vi-vṛdh with ana suffix.

Compound type : Tatpurusha (śoka+vivardhana)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  From root śuc (to mourn, grieve).
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• vivardhana – increasing, augmenting, causing to grow
  adjective (masculine)
  From root vṛdh (to grow, increase) with vi prefix and ana suffix.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)