मनु-स्मृतिः manu-smṛtiḥ - chapter-5, verse-81

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श्रोत्रिये तूपसंपन्ने त्रिरात्रमशुचिर्भवेत ।
मातुले पक्षिणीं रात्रिं शिष्यर्त्विग्बान्धवेषु च ॥८१॥

81. śrotriye tūpasaṁpanne trirātramaśucirbhavet ,
mātule pakṣiṇīṁ rātriṁ śiṣyartvigbāndhaveṣu ca.

81. śrotriye tu asampanne trirātram aśucir bhavet
mātule pakṣiṇīṃ rātrim śiṣya rtviɡ bāndhaveṣu ca

81. If a learned Brahmin (śrotriya) passes away, one remains impure for three nights. In the case of an uncle, a disciple, a priest, or a relative, for one night (pakṣiṇī rātri) and a day.

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

श्रोत्रिये (śrotriye) - learned Brahmin (one who has studied the Vedas, a learned Brahmin)

तु (tu) - however (but, however)

अ-सम्पन्ने (a-sampanne) - passes away (not accomplished, not attained, not deceased)

त्रिरात्रम् (trirātram) - for three nights (three nights)

अशुचिः (aśuciḥ) - impure

भवेत् (bhavet) - remains (may be, becomes)

मातुले (mātule) - maternal uncle

पक्षिणीं (pakṣiṇīṁ) - one night and a day (lasting for half a lunar month, a fortnight)

रात्रिम् (rātrim) - night

शिष्य (śiṣya) - disciple (disciple, pupil)

र्त्विɡ (rtviɡ) - priest (priest, officiating priest)

बान्धवेषु (bāndhaveṣu) - relatives (relatives, kinsmen)

च (ca) - and

Words meanings and morphology

श्रोत्रिये (śrotriye) - learned Brahmin (one who has studied the Vedas, a learned Brahmin)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śrotriya

śrotriya - one who has studied the Vedas, a learned Brahmin, an accomplished scholar

From 'śruta' (heard) + suffix '-iya'

Note: locative case indicating the person whose passing away causes impurity

तु (tu) - however (but, however)

(indeclinable)

अ-सम्पन्ने (a-sampanne) - passes away (not accomplished, not attained, not deceased)

(participle)

Locative, masculine, singular of a-sampanna

a-sampanna - not accomplished, not attained, not finished, not dead

past passive participle

Prefix 'a-' (not) + 'sampanna' (accomplished, attained)

Note: This construction 'tu a-sampanne' implies 'however, when (he) is not deceased' which is a bit unusual. A more direct phrasing would be expected. It likely means 'in the case of the passing away of a learned Brahmin'. The locative case implies 'upon the passing away of'.

त्रिरात्रम् (trirātram) - for three nights (three nights)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of trirātra

trirātra - three nights

Compound of tri (three) and rātra (night)

Compound type : tatpurusha (tri+rātra)

tri – three
noun
rātra – night
noun (neuter)

Note: accusative case, often used adverbially for duration

अशुचिः (aśuciḥ) - impure

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśuci

aśuci - impure, unclean, unholy

Prefix 'a-' (not) + 'śuci' (pure)

भवेत् (bhavet) - remains (may be, becomes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

root

Root class 1 (parasmaipada)

Root: bhū (class 1)

मातुले (mātule) - maternal uncle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mātula

mātula - maternal uncle

Derived from 'mātṛ' (mother)

Note: locative case indicating the person whose passing away causes impurity

पक्षिणीं (pakṣiṇīṁ) - one night and a day (lasting for half a lunar month, a fortnight)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pakṣiṇī

pakṣiṇī - lasting for half a month (fortnight), female bird

From 'pakṣa' (fortnight, side, wing)

Note: Modifies 'rātrim'. The meaning here is not a full fortnight but a shorter period, likely a night and a day, as indicated by the context and the following 'diva' in verse 104 which is similar. It signifies the impurity duration.

रात्रिम् (rātrim) - night

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

Note: Accusative case, indicating duration, often paired with 'pakṣiṇīṃ' to mean one night and the following day.

शिष्य (śiṣya) - disciple (disciple, pupil)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śiṣya

śiṣya - disciple, pupil

From root 'śās' (to teach, to command)

Root: śās (class 1)

Note: locative case indicating the person whose passing away causes impurity